JAMA -- This Week in JAMA, July 21, 2010, 304 (3): 239 (HIV/Aids special issue, edited)

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JAMA -- This Week in JAMA, July 21, 2010, 304 (3): 239 (HIV/Aids special issue, edited)

[Source: JAMA, <cite cite="http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/304/3/239">JAMA -- This Week in JAMA, July 21, 2010, 304 (3): 239</cite>. Edited.]

Vol. 304 No. 3, July 21, 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Week in JAMA

JAMA. 2010;304(3):239. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1005


HIV/AIDS A JAMA THEME ISSUE

Edited by Jeanette M. Smith, MD, and Gianna Zuccotti, MD, MPH

• Vaccine-Induced HIV Seropositivity/Reactivity
  • Antibodies induced by HIV vaccination may confound interpretation of HIV screening tests.
  • Cooper and colleagues assessed the risk of vaccine-induced seropositivity/reactivity in an analysis of end-of-study HIV test results from 2176 HIV vaccine trial participants who were HIV-seronegative at study enrollment. The authors found that 908 of the 2176 vaccine trial participants had vaccine-induced seropositivity/reactivity, which varied across different HIV vaccine products and was associated with the immunogenicity of the vaccine and the antibody immunoassay used.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Routine Opt-Out HIV Screening
  • Routine opt-out HIV screening in health care settings, recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2006, is the topic of 2 articles in this issue. Haukoos and colleagues (SEE ARTICLE) assessed whether opt-out HIV screening in an urban public hospital emergency department would identify more new HIV cases than physician-directed diagnostic testing and found that opt-out HIV screening was associated with a small increase in the number of patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection. A rationale for and the evidence supporting opt-out HIV testing as part of routine care for cancer patients is presented by Chiao and colleagues (SEE ARTICLE). An editorial by Merchant and Waxman (SEE ARTICLE) discusses the need for effective and efficient models for HIV screening in health care settings.
• Preventing Mother-to-Child HIV Transmission in Africa
  • In an analysis of data from mother-infant pairs who received care at 43 randomly selected facilities in Cameroon, C?te d?Ivoire, South Africa, and Zambia, Stringer and colleagues determined the proportion of HIV-exposed infants for whom both mother and child received at least a single dose of nevirapine for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. The authors found that only 51% of HIV-exposed infants received a minimum prophylactic course of single-dose nevirapine.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Generic Antiretrovirals: Use and Cost Savings
  • In a review of 2005 to 2008 data on antiretroviral drugs purchased for use in 16 countries by organizations receiving the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief funding, Holmes and colleagues found that the availability of generic antiretroviral drugs was associated with substantial expansion in the procurement of antiretroviral therapies and cumulative cost savings of more than $320 million.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• HIV/AIDS in Resource-Limited Countries
  • Long-term use of antiretroviral therapy is associated with increasing numbers of patients requiring second-line therapy. To assess the efficacy of second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited countries, Pujades-Rodr?guez and colleagues determined failure rates of second-line therapy and factors associated with treatment failure and death in a multicohort study of 632 adults who received second-line therapy for more than 6 months in Africa and Asia. The authors report that treatment failure was associated with low CD4 cell counts at initiation of second-line therapy, use of suboptimal second-line regimens, and poor adherence to medication.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• CLINICIAN'S CORNER
  • Antiretroviral Treatment of Adult HIV Infection
    • The International AIDS Society?USA Panel 2010 recommendations for the use of antiretroviral therapy and laboratory monitoring in adult HIV infection.
    • (SEE ARTICLE)
• A Piece of My Mind
  • "This lack of standing for women contributes to the spread of HIV in this region on the shores of Lake Victoria in Nyanza province." From "Vaccine, Please."
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Medical News & Perspectives
  • Three news features focus on an influential long-term study of HIV in women, the effect of the global economic crisis on HIV/AIDS programs, and treating patients with both HIV infection and opioid addiction.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Commentaries
  • Caring for long-term HIV survivors
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
  • Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling: WHO/UNAIDS guidance
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
  • HIV and human trafficking
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
  • Couple-centered HIV prevention strategies
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Editorial
  • Controlling and ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic
  • (SEE ARTICLE)
• Readers Respond
  • How would you manage a 29-year-old woman with flu-like symptoms? Go to www.jama.com to read the case, and submit your response, which may be selected for online publication. Submission deadline is August 8.
• JAMA Patient Page
  • For your patients: Information about HIV infection: the basics.
  • (SEE ARTICLE)

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