Senegal - Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever outbreak 2022

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 33: 8 - 14 August 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 14 August 2022
...

All events currently being monitored by WHO AFRO
...

Senegal CrimeanCongo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) Ungraded

Date notified to WCO 12-Aug-22
Start of reporting period 15-Aug-22
End of reporting period 15-Aug-22

Total cases 2
Cases Confirmed 2
Deaths 1
CFR 50,00%

On 12 August 2022, WHO was notified of a confirmed outbreak of CCHF ongoing in Podor District, Saint-Louis region, Senegal. The index case is a female patient aged 38 years who presented with fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue and haemorrhagic symptoms, and was detected through the VHF surveillance system. The disease started on 20 July; she consulted on 5 August, was sampled on 6 August and died on 7 August. There is an history of travel to Mauritania on 2 July. A second case who is a contact of the index case has been confirmed positive on 14 August 2022.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/361771/OEW33-0814082022.pdf

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Location in the Saint-Louis Region
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podor_Department

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Crimean-Congo hemorrhage fever: 4 cases reported in Senegal including 1 death reported in Podor

By Fana Cisse-August 22, 202204

Since the beginning of the rainy season, Senegal has been facing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. The news was given by the World Health Organization. Who, specifies that the epidemic is raging in the strict of Podor, a municipality located in the north of the country. Moreover, a woman, originally from Podor in the region of Saint-Louis, would be the index case.

The daily L'Observateur reports that the victim began to complain of headaches, fatigue and bleeding symptoms as early as July 20, but did not consult until a fortnight later, on August 5. Samples taken the next day confirmed the presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus. The rapid response did not save her.

“She died on August 7,” says the WHO note confirmed by the Ministry of Health which, moreover, speaks of a trip of the deceased to Mauritania at the beginning of July. Without making the direct link. This country is exposed to many epidemics such as measles, poliomyelitis and hemorrhagic fever. The Mauritanian Ministry of Health recorded as early as February 2022, the presence of two cases of the disease and the last follow-up case reported a total of 6 people infected, including two deaths.

In addition to the deceased Podoroise, Senegal has detected three other cases of haemorrhagic fever thanks to sentinel surveillance which, throughout the year, collects cases that present the signs associated with fever, headache or myalgia. “These are generic signs that may look like malaria or the flu,” says Dr. Boly Diop, Head of the Epidemiological Surveillance and Vaccine Response Division.

The first and second cases, two women, were notified respectively in February in the Koumpentoum district in the Tambacounda region and in May in the Matam health district. Two isolated cases for which the ministry does not use the term epidemic. Quite the opposite of what is happening in the district of Podor where the index case led to a contact whose laboratory samples turned out to be positive. This last patient is the only man among the other infected. Not that fever affects women more than men, but because, according to Doctor Diop's explanations, they are more in contact with livestock.

https://www.pressafriktv.com/2022/08...gnale-a-podor/
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Senegal: Crimean-Congo fever claims first victim

MOUHAMADOU BA
Aug 22, 2022 9:58 a.m.

After the deadly Ebola virus disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is reappearing in Senegal. Four cases have been reported, including a deceased woman.

Considered one of the most dangerous in the world, the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus has entered Senegal. The announcement is made by the Ministry of Health. The disease was detected at the beginning of August 2022 in a 43-year-old patient.

The woman, originally from Podor in the Saint-Louis region, would be the index case. She began to complain of headaches, fatigue and bleeding symptoms on July 20, but she did not consult until a fortnight later, on August 5.

Samples taken the next day confirmed the presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, a widespread disease caused by a tick-borne virus. The rapid response did not save her.

"She died on August 7", informs the WHO note confirmed by the Senegalese Ministry of Health. The deceased had moved to Mauritania at the beginning of last July, a country exposed to numerous epidemics such as measles, polio and hemorrhagic fever.

Mauritania recorded two cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever as early as February 2022 and the last follow-up case reported a total of 6 infected people including two deaths.

In addition to the deceased Podoroise, Senegal has detected three other cases of the disease. The first and second cases, two women, were reported respectively last February in the Koumpentoum district (Tambacounda region) and last May in the Matam health district. A man was affected by the disease in Podor. This is a contact case of the deceased Podoroise.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a common disease caused by a virus (Nairovirus) of the Bunyaviridae family, transmitted by ticks. It causes outbreaks of severe viral haemorrhagic fever, with a case fatality rate of 10 to 40%.

The disease can also be transmitted from person to person, when inhaling infected droplets (cough, sneeze) or by direct contact with blood or feces/secretions of infected people (stools, urine, vomit, sweat, semen ).

If the signs of the disease are numerous (fever, muscle aches, headaches, dizziness, sensitivity of the eyes to light, mood swings, diarrhea and drowsiness), no vaccine to date can treat it, in humans or animals. Something to worry the Senegalese about a possible spread of this disease.

https://www.pulse.sn/news/societe/se...ictime/y8cecfp

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'Senegal records one death from Crimea-Congo: podor placed hot spot

OG August 24, 2022068

A new epidemic threatens Senegal. This is the hemorrhagic virus disease called " Crimea Congo ". With a death recorded in the region of Saint-Louis in the locality of Podor, the epidemiological surveillance department of the Ministry of Health and Social Action speaks of a focus of hot tension while reassuring about the management of this pathology.

In this year 2022 alone, the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic virus disease has resurfaced in the country four times. For this month of August, two cases were recorded in the region of Saint-Louis in the department of Podor. If one of the cases was cured, the other was eventually counted as a death. Faced with this new alert of this epidemic which has been threatening Senegal since last February, the month of August seems to be worrying with the recording of one death. An observation that will make Dr. Boly Diop, in charge of epidemiological surveillance at the Ministry of Health, react, who describes the situation as “ hot spot ". ” in the department of Podor. For Doctor Diop, the Crimean Congo disease is a pathology that the ministry monitors as part of the syndromic sentinel surveillance network in Senegal. " You know in Senegal, every week, we report data on all diseases with epidemic potential. The Crimean Congo fever disease was detected this year for the fourth time, already in February, a case was confirmed in the region of Tambacounda in the department of Koumpentoum. This case is taken care of, it is cured. It was in May 2022 that another case was confirmed in the Matam region, this treated case is cured. Currently, we have a hot outbreak in the region of Saint-Louis department of Podor where two cases have been notified and unfortunately one death has been recorded ”, informed Dr Boly Diop.

In this winter period with the resurgence of malaria cases in health structures, the public health specialist is warning. For Dr Diop, this is the preferred period for these viral hemorrhagic fevers which have almost the same manifestations and most often, they cannot be differentiated from malaria unless a sample is taken and sent to the laboratory to confirm it. .

“ In Senegal, epidemiological surveillance is carried out regularly throughout the year. And if we see the past five to ten years, almost in all regions, these viral hemorrhagic fevers are diagnosed and notified ,” he said. And to add: " the country has a good epidemiological surveillance system which finds and seeks in any case, the means and this allows us to take the appropriate measures ".

A committed response to Podor

For Doctor Boly Diop, as soon as the Crimean Congo disease was declared in the Saint-Louis region in the Podor department, a response plan was quickly organized around the governor of the said region and all the sectors. concerned. “ I remind you that this Crimean Congo fever is a zoonosis. A disease that is transmitted from animal to human. In the response around the governor, these sectors are involved, including that of human and animal health through breeding, but also the environment because we know that with Crimean Congo fever, the animal that is infected does not develop symptoms but transmission can occur through the bite of ticks which are small critters that bite animals, suck their blood .Through this chain, these critters can be vectors for transmission of the disease to humans ”. Dr Boly Diop also informed that there are other professions that expose humans to this disease and these are the people who work around livestock, starting with veterinarians, slaughterhouses, but also housewives who manage livestock on a daily basis, especially when milking.

Manifestations of the Crimean Congo disease

For the Ministry of Health and Social Action, the Crimean-Congo disease is a potentially serious pathology, if patients are not taken care of early. " As we know, the manifestations are mainly fever but associated with other symptoms such as headaches, pain in the joints, muscles but also a feeling of intense fatigue, " he said. . And to add: “ these are the characteristics of several diseases. In rare cases, these virus diseases evolve into severe hemorrhagic forms. And that's what makes the Crimean Congo disease serious, but also the fact of giving an anti-inflammatory, precipitates the evolution towards severe hemorrhagic forms which lead to vomiting with blood, blood flowing through the nose and diarrhea accompanied by blood ”. For the specialist, there is a state-of-the-art monitoring system that allows the disease to be detected early, even in a pre-haemorrhagic state, and to take care of the patient.

Disease Prevention Crimea Congo

The prevention of Crimean-Congo fever is based on the rigorous application of protective measures against tick bites. This involves avoiding handling animal organs or carcasses, using approved acaricides, i.e. products that destroy ticks, on clothing, also using approved repellents on the skin and clothing according to disease experts.

Denise ZAROUR MEDANG

https://www.sudquotidien.sn/le-senegal-enregistre-un-deces-de-crimee-congo-podor-place-foyer-chaud/

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Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever: How the two human cases were detected

Two human cases of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever were notified by the Podor health district on August 12 and 14, 2022, based on the results of analyzes transmitted by the Pasteur Institute in Dakar. It was a 43-year-old patient received in consultation at the Podor health center on August 5 and died on August 7, following an illness that appeared 15 days earlier. The second patient is 79 years old, she was diagnosed among the contacts of the 1st case and successfully treated at the Podor health center.

Written by leral.net on Thursday August 25, 2022 at 08:24 | | 0 comment(s)|

The epidemiological investigations were carried out from August 13 by a multidisciplinary and multisectoral team bringing together the central, regional and departmental services of the health, livestock and environment sectors, with the support of technical and financial partners. . Coordination was provided by the Governor of the Saint-Louis Region.

Various public health measures have been implemented, including active research and monitoring of human contact cases, epidemiological evaluation and deworming of livestock (27 animal samples were taken and analyzed in the laboratory without positive cases of disease ), the strengthening of prevention and control in health structures, the sensitization of communities on barrier measures against the disease, the training of community actors. Epidemiological surveillance has been strengthened throughout the region. A team from the central level will go to the field to carry out the technical expertise of the emergency response that has been carried out.

As a reminder, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by a virus transmitted by ticks. These ticks are hosted by several types of wild or domestic animals including goats, sheep, oxen, donkeys, horses, zebras. The disease is primarily animal, but it can be transmitted to human beings. The first symptoms generally appear five to seven days after contamination in the form of fever, headache, muscle pain, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.

The positive diagnosis of the disease is made in the laboratory. The treatment is essentially based on the management of the signs. Prevention includes various measures to fight against tick bites, fight against transmission from animals to humans, and fight against human-to-human transmission in the community (hand hygiene, bedding).

https://www.leral.net/Fievre-hemorra...s_a336121.html

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 36: 29 August - 4 September 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 4 September 2022
...
All events currently being monitored by WHO AFRO
...

Senegal Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) Ungraded

Date notified to WCO 12-Aug-22
Start of reporting period 15-Aug-22
End of reporting period 28-Aug-22

Total cases 5
Cases Confirmed 5
Deaths 2
CFR 40,00%

On 12 August 2022, a confirmed outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) was reported in Podor District, Saint-Louis region, Senegal. The index case is a 38-year-old female who presented with fever, headache, myalgia, fatigue and haemorrhagic symptoms, and was detected through the viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system. The disease started on 20 July; she consulted on 5 August, was sampled on 6 August and died on 7 August. There is an history of travel to Mauritania on 2 July. As of 28 August, two additional cases were reported, a contact of the index case and a case with no evident epidemiological link to the first two cases.

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/362389/OEW36-290804092022.pdf