Kenya: 2022/2023 Cholera

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022...is-back-kagwe/


Beware, Cholera is back - Kagwe
Kagwe has attributed the outbreak to failure by Kenyans to adhere to simple hygienic measures such as hand washing.
by MAGDALINE SAYA REPORTER
05 May 2022 - 18:49

In Summary

• Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with Vibrio cholerae bacteria.

• People can get sick when they swallow food or water contaminated with cholera bacteria

The Ministry of Health has announced an outbreak of Cholera in Nairobi’s Kamukunji area.

The number of reported cases remains unclear, but Health CS Mutahi Kagwe has attributed the outbreak to failure by Kenyans to adhere to simple hygienic measures such as hand washing...

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 23 : 30 May - 5 June 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 5 June 2022
...

Cholera Kenya

319 cases
2 Death
0.6% CFR

EVENT DESCRIPTION

The outbreak of cholera in Kenya continues to evolve with
increasing trend and geographic spread since it was first
detected in early May 2022 in Kisumu County and announced
by the health authorities. In epidemiological week 20 (week
ending 22 May 2022), 312 new cases were reported from three
counties – Nairobi, Kisumu, and Kiambu – across the country.
This represents a dramatic increase from four cases reported in
the previous week 19 (week ending 15 May 2022).

As of 31 May 2022, a total of 319 cases with two deaths (CFR
0.6%) have been reported from three affected counties: Nairobi,
Kisumu, and Kiambu. Vibrio cholerae has been isolated from two
samples culture at the laboratory in Nairobi. Kisumu County is at
the epi-centre of the outbreak with 97.5% (n=311) of the reported
cases. Nairobi County has reported seven cases with two deaths
(CFR 28.6%) and Kiambu county has one case with zero deaths.
In Nairobi, cases have been reported from five sub-counties out
of the 17 for the city: Mathare, Starehe, Kamukunji, Westlands
and Roy Sambu. The two deaths were reported from Mathare
and Kamukunji. Among the seven cases reported in Nairobi, two
were confirmed by culture and the outbreak is still active in all the
affected sub-counties.

PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

National response team has been deployed to the affected
counties to support local responses teams in implementing
response activities.

Risk communication activities are ongoing with awareness
on cholera prevention messages for the community to
adhere to simple hygienic measures such as hand washing
and sanitizing.

Active case search, contacts tracing and case management
are ongoing as well as logistics and cholera supplies provided
to the affected sub-counties.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION

Kenya joins the list of three other countries, South Sudan,
Tanzania, and Somalia, in the East African sub-region that are
experiencing ongoing outbreaks of cholera. No epidemiological
linkage has yet been established between the ongoing cholera
outbreak in Kenya and its neighbouring countries. However, the
sub-regional context calls for enhanced collaboration across the
affected countries to prevent transborder transmissions resulting
from mass population movements across national borders.

Measures such as regular hand washing, which were instituted
as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may have helped to reduce
the spread of cholera. However, as compliance to these measures
dwindle, there is likelihood of resurgence of cholera outbreaks.
Health authorities need to strengthen response efforts, including
enhanced risk communication, to quickly control this outbreak

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/355799/OEW23-300505062022.pdf

[Shiloh]

Source: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-...ya-health.html

October 20, 2022
Cholera outbreaks in six regions of Kenya: health ministry

Six regions in Kenya have been hit with cholera outbreaks including the capital Nairobi, the health ministry announced Wednesday, with a total of 60 cases registered nationwide.

Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection causing sometimes fatal dehydration. It is generally contracted from food or water contaminated with vibrio cholera bacteria.

The Kenyan health authorities have "confirmed a cholera outbreak" in six counties in the country, including 17 cases in Nairobi.

According to the health ministry, the outbreak in the East African country of 50 million people originated from "a wedding party held in Kiambu County", about 10 kilometres (six miles) north of the Kenyan capital...

Some 31 cases, half of the national total, were reported in Kiambu.

A total of 13 people have been hospitalised due to cholera, the authorities said...

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 43: 17 - 23 October 2022
Data as reported by: 17:00; 23 October 2022
...
All events currently being monitored by WHO AFRO
...

Kenya Cholera Ungraded

Date notified to WCO 19-Oct-22
Start of reporting period 16-Oct-22
End of reporting period 16-Oct-22

Total cases 94
Cases Confirmed 14
Deaths 2
CFR 2,10%

Cholera outbreak has been confirmed affecting six counties as listed below: Nairobi, Kiambu, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu, Kajiado and Murang’a. The index case and majority of the first cases had attended a wedding which was held in Red hill Gardens, Limuru sub county, Kiambu county on 8 October 2022. The outbreak has then extended to the community outside the event. A total of 94 cases with 14 Confirmed by culture and two deaths (CFR 2.1%) have been reported.
...

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/363780/OEW43-1723102022.pdf

[Shiloh]

Kenya: Disease Outbreak Situation Report as of 28th Oct 2022 - EPI Week 42 2022
Format Situation Report
Source Govt. Kenya
Posted 31 Oct 2022
Originally published 31 Oct 2022

...HIGHLIGHT 6: CHOLERA OUTBREAK

The outbreak has been reported in seven counties as listed below;Nairobi,Kiambu,Nakuru,UasinGi shu,Kajiado,Murang’a and Machakos.The outbreak started with people who had attended a wedding which was held in Red hill Gardens ,Limuru sub county, Kiambu county on Saturday of 8th Oct 22.The outbreak has now extended across the counties to people who had not attended the event.A total of one hundred and thirty eight (138) cases ,15 Confirmed by culture and four (4) deaths (CFR 2.9%) have been reported...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/...es-rise-to-14/


OUTBREAK
Alarm as Meru Cholera cases rise to 14
The first two cases were reported last Thursday
by GERALD MUTETHIA Correspondent, Meru
Eastern
10 November 2022 - 11:31

In Summary
Nine of the 14 cases reported were confirmed at Githongo hospital in Central Imenti while the rest come from North Imenti, the county’s headquarters.
Meru public health officers have been on high alert urging hawkers to suspend food hawking until the disease is contained...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://allafrica.com/stories/202212300281.html

Kenya: 13 New Cholera Cases Reported in Kiambu County
30 December 2022
Capital FM (Nairobi)
By Laban Wanambisi

Nairobi — At least 13 new cases of Cholera were on Wednesday reported in Kiambu County.

Health County Executive Committee Member Joseph Murega stated that Ruiru had five cases, Juja six cases, Kiambaa and Thika town has one case each.

He confirmed that 286 have been treated and discharged after contracting the disease...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://allafrica.com/stories/202301100009.html

Kenya: Homa Bay County Announces Cholera Outbreak
10 January 2023By Ojwang Joe

Homa Bay — A cholera outbreak alert has been issued in Homa Bay county with residents being advised to seek quick medical attention if they experience watery, diarrhea and vomiting.

The county executive committee member for public health and medical services Roseline Omollo says already 5 people of the same family has been treated and discharged after being diagnose with cholera.

"It was first reported on 5th this month in one of our health facilities, Marindi sub county hospital," she said.

Omollo further revealed that three patients are currently admitted at the county referral hospital after being attacked by the bacterial disease.

"The origin has been traced to Achungo village in Homa Bay sub county," she noted...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://reliefweb.int/report/kenya/k...ation-mdrke054

Kenya: Cholera Outbreak DREF Application (MDRKE054)
Format Appeal
Source IFRC
Posted 16 Jan 2023
Originally published 16 Jan 2023

What happened, where and when?

The current outbreak of cholera started on 19th October with its origin being traced to a wedding festival in Kiambu County which later spread across Kiambu (31), Nairobi (17), Murang’a (1), Kajiado (2), Nakuru (2) and Uasin Gishu (8) counties. The disease has been relatively low in terms of cases and in most of the counties controlled through the county level actions by the health department and with support from partners.

There has however been a concerning increase of cholera cases with worrying trends in death rates due to over stretched capacity of the local governments, KRCS local branches and partners to effectively respond. The increased cases are mainly within Nairobi and in counties that are currently reporting persistent drought, communities utilizing unsafe water sources and limited access to sanitation and hygiene services and corresponding poor WASH practices.

In particular, Nairobi, Tana River, Garissa and Wajir counties have recently reported increased caseloads with reported highest mortalities in Nairobi, Garissa, Tana River and Wajir counties...

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WEEKLY BULLETIN ON OUTBREAKS
AND OTHER EMERGENCIES

Week 3: 9 to 15 January 2023
Data as reported by: 17:00; 15 January 2023
...

Cholera Kenya

3 970 cases
70 Deaths
1.8% CFR

EVENT DESCRIPTION

On 19 October 2022, the Ministry of Health (MoH) of Kenya
issued a cholera alert following confirmation of 61 Vibrio cholerae
O1 serotype Ogawa cholera cases across six counties: Kiambu,
Nairobi, Uasin Gishu, Nakuru, Kajiado, and Murang’a. This alert
was issued a month after an earlier cholera outbreak was declared
over in the Country. The origin of the current outbreak was traced
to a wedding party that was held in Limuru sub-county in Kiambu
County on 8 October 2022.

Since the confirmation of the first case on 8 October 2022, the
cumulative number of suspected cases as of 14 January 2023,
was 3 970 cases including 70 deaths (CFR 1.8%). Among the
total reported cases, males represent 51% and females 49%.

The 14 counties have cumulatively reported cases as follows:
Garissa (1 754), Nairobi (563), Tana River (529), Kiambu (343),
Machakos (266), Wajir (190), Meru (77), Nyeri (55), Murang’a
(37), Kajiado (19), Homa Bay (17), Kitui (12), Uasin Gishu
(8), and Nakuru (5). Garissa, Nairobi, Tana River, and Kiambu
Counties are currently the most affected, accounting for 80% of
all cases.

Most of the cases in Garissa County were reported from the three
large refugee camps in Dadaab sub-county ((Dagahaley, Ifo and
Hagadera) and host communities.

According to UNHCR, since June 2021, there have been 53
485 new arrivals of Somalia refugees in Dadaab camps. The
displacement is due to the drought as well as insecurity in
Somalia. The ongoing influx of refugess has contributed to
congestion and overcrowding, thus increasing the pressure on
available resources such as sanitation facilities and household
level access to safe water.


PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS

The Ministry of Health issued a cholera alert to all County
Directors of Health highlighting the importance of early
detection, confirmation, and management of suspected
cases.

Counties’ Departments of Health have started responding to
the outbreak by identifying gaps, triggering multi-sectoral
coordination mechanisms, and reviewing the response
interventions.

An outbreak investigation team, under the coordination of
the National Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, has
been deployed to implement response activities, including
field investigations, enhanced surveillance, laboratory
testing, case management, risk communication, community
engagement and environmental sanitation to prevent further
spread of the disease.

The affected county governments and partners continue to
respond to the outbreak with limited resources. A rapid risk
assessment has been completed and isolation centers have
been set up at various health facilities.

Cholera treatment centers and clinics have been set up in all
the affected Counties; especially in all refugee camps and the
host communities in Garissa.

Oral cholera vaccination (OCV) request for 1.7 million doses
was submitted to the International Coordinating Group (ICG)
and already approved.

SITUATION INTERPRETATION

Kenya has been experiencing an upsurge in cholera cases since
it was first reported in 1971 in Turkana district. Access to clean
water and sanitation is a significant challenge in many parts of the
country. The surging population in the refugee’s camps worsened
by the registered influx of refugees and the deplorable conditions
of camps with regards to water and sanitation infrastructure
systems increase the risk of further contaminations. There is a
need for additional resources to strengthen the response to reduce
cholera spread and mortality to less than 1% through effective
and enhanced coordination, rapid detection and response to
the outbreak, and implementation of multi-sectoral preventive
interventions in the hotspots to address identified gaps.


...

https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/365633/OEW03-915012023-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

[Shiloh]

Source: https://nation.africa/kenya/counties...nties--4101338

Deadly cholera outbreak sweeps across Tana River, Garissa, Wajir, Mandera counties
Friday, January 27, 2023
By Manase Otsialo & Edwin Kipsang

Health officials in Tana River, Garissa, Wajir and Mandera counties are on high alert as cholera continues to spread across the region.
So far, more than 2,700 cases have been reported in the four counties with several deaths.
In Tana River, 675 cases have been recorded since November last year, leaving at least 17 people dead.
According to the Kenya Red Cross, the most affected areas are Madogo, Mororo and Bura.
“We have had at least 144 cases in Madogo and six deaths. Mororo has recorded 40 cases,” Mr Gerald Bembe, Kenya Red Cross coordinator said...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/...-stomach-pain/

Suspected cholera outbreak as 16 hospitalized with severe stomach pain
Most of those admitted are learners from Maseki Primary School.
by MUSEMBI NZENGU
05 February 2023 - 22:00
In Summary

•Kitui health authorities have said it was too early to infer that those admitted could be suffering from cholera.

•In early January Kitui health authorities confirmed the outbreak of cholera in Kalulu village in Kyuso. The outbreak claimed two children...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023...s-in-machakos/


4 die of suspected cholera cases in Machakos
Yumbya addressed the press at Mavoko Level 4 Hospital in Athi River on Friday.
In Summary

The Health executive said most of the cases were located in Mlolongo, Jua Kali, Kwa Mang'eli, Kanaani, Califonia, KMC, Site, Njoguini, Ngimu, Slota and Sokoni estates.
Yumbya said the deaths were registered between March 6 and March 10, 2023...

[Shiloh]

Source: https://kbc.co.ke/machakos/article/3...h-toll-to-five

One more succumbs to Cholera in Machakos raising death toll to five
KNA
8h ago

One more person has died of cholera in Machakos bringing to five the number of people who have succumbed to the disease in the past four days.

According to a status report on the outbreak released Saturday by the County Executive Committee Member (CECM) for Health Dr Daniel Yumbya, the patient from Matungulu Sub County died on the way to hospital.

The report says another patient succumbed to the disease in Kajiado County.

Seven patients have been admitted in various health facilities while three have been discharged...