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Russia: Anthrax outbreak in the Yamalsky district in Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region

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  • Russia: Anthrax outbreak in the Yamalsky district in Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region

    Source: http://siberiantimes.com/other/other...-have-disease/

    First anthrax outbreak since 1941: 9 hospitalised, with two feared to have disease
    By The Siberian Times reporter
    26 July 2016

    Four children among those in intensive care, as locals undergo mass evacuation and quarantining, while reindeer herd decimated.

    Up to 1,200 deer have been lost in the Yamalsky district in Yamalo-Nenets autonomous region, as urgent action is underway to inoculate 'at risk' nomads including children. A total of nine have been hospitalised, including four children, with two of those in intensive care suspected of suffering from dangerous anthrax.

    It is the first outbreak of deadly infection anthrax in 75 years, and a strict quarantine regime was put in place by governor Dmitry Kobylkin, including mass evacuation of herders most at risk, and their families.

    Initially it was thought a heat wave in the tundra region, which straddles the Arctic Circle, was responsible for sudden reindeer deaths.

    Now it is feared anthrax has played a major part in the deaths...

  • #2
    Siberia anthrax outbreak: 12yo boy killed, 8 infected as disease returns after 75 years

    Published time: 1 Aug, 2016 11:58
    Edited time: 1 Aug, 2016 12:27

    A 12-year-old boy evacuated from an anthrax epidemic zone in Russia has died in hospital while eight other people have been diagnosed with the disease. The infection has resurfaced in western Siberia 75 years after the previous outbreak.
    ...
    A total of 72 people, including 41 children, were taken to hospital after being evacuated from the remote area where the infection spread. Most of them tested negative for the disease.
    ...
    The ongoing anthrax outbreak is the first reported in Yamal in over seven decades. It is believed to have been triggered by a heatwave affecting the usually cold region, which may have unearthed the carcass of an animal killed by the disease. Anthrax spores can lay dormant for decades or even centuries in the earth while remaining contagious.

    At least 1,500 reindeer from herds owned by Yamal indigenous people have died in the past several weeks from dehydration or the infection...
    ...

    A 12-year-old boy evacuated from an anthrax epidemic zone in Russia has died in hospital while eight other people have been diagnosed with the disease. The infection has resurfaced in western Siberia 75 years after the previous outbreak.
    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

    Comment


    • #3
      Anthrax kills one, infects 21 others as melting permafrost causes outbreak in Russia's far north
      Updated 9 minutes ago

      Russia has confirmed 21 cases of anthrax, including one fatality, after an unusual heatwave melted permafrost in its remote far north, releasing potentially lethal spores from the soil.

      "Unfortunately 20 people had their [anthrax] diagnosis confirmed," a spokeswoman for the Yamalo-Nenetsky regional authorities told the RIA Novosti news agency.

      In addition, a 12-year-old boy died in hospital on Monday.
      ...
      Russia confirms 21 cases of anthrax, including one fatality, after an unusual heatwave melted permafrost in its remote far north, releasing potentially lethal spores from the soil.
      Twitter: @RonanKelly13
      The views expressed are mine alone and do not represent the views of my employer or any other person or organization.

      Comment


      • #4
        Anthrax,
        Russia
        Information received on 05/08/2016 from Dr Evgeny Nepoklonov, Deputy Head, Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow, Russia
        Summary
        Report type Immediate notification
        Date of start of the event 16/07/2016
        Date of confirmation of the event 25/07/2016
        Report date 05/08/2016
        Date submitted to OIE 05/08/2016
        Reason for notification Reoccurrence of a listed disease
        Date of previous occurrence 01/1941
        Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
        Causal agent Bacillus anthracis
        Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy
        This event pertains to a defined zone within the country
        New outbreaks (5)
        Outbreak 1 Bol?shoe Yadvanto, Yamal?sky, YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
        Date of start of the outbreak 16/07/2016
        Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
        Epidemiological unit Not applicable
        Affected animals
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 10000 200 200 0 0
        Outbreak 2 Maloe Yadvanto, Yamal?sky, YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
        Date of start of the outbreak 16/07/2016
        Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
        Epidemiological unit Not applicable
        Affected animals
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 8000 250 250 0 0
        Outbreak 3 Tetato, Yamal?sky, YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
        Date of start of the outbreak 16/07/2016
        Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
        Epidemiological unit Not applicable
        Affected animals
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 6000 350 350 0 0
        Outbreak 4 Novy Port, Yamal?sky, YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
        Date of start of the outbreak 16/07/2016
        Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
        Epidemiological unit Not applicable
        Affected animals
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 9000 349 349 0 0
        Outbreak 5 Pis?yoto, Yamal?sky , YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
        Date of start of the outbreak 24/07/2016
        Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
        Epidemiological unit Not applicable
        Affected animals
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 8000 1500 1200 0 0
        Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 5
        Total animals affected
        Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
        Cervidae 41000 2649 2349 0 0
        Outbreak statistics
        Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost*
        Cervidae 6.46% 5.73% 88.67% 5.73%
        *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
        Epidemiology
        Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
        • Unknown or inconclusive
        • climatic factors
        Epidemiological comments It is thought that as a consequence of abnormally high temperatures experienced in Yamalsky district, the permafrost thawed which led to anthrax spores being shifted to upper soil layers. The animals got infected while grazing by ingesting vegetation contaminated by the causal agent. Before this event no outbreaks had been reported in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug since 1941. Emergency vaccination of animals against anthrax is being carried out in the region. An epizootiological investigation is still ongoing.
        Control measures
        Measures applied
        • Movement control inside the country
        • Vaccination in response to the outbreak (s)
        • Disinfection / Disinfestation
        • Dipping / Spraying
        • Quarantine
        • Surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone
        • Official destruction of animal products
        • Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
        • Surveillance within containment and/or protection zone
        • Control of wildlife reservoirs
        • Treatment of affected animals ( )
        Measures to be applied
        • No other measures
        Diagnostic test results
        Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result
        State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National laboratory) Cervidae microscopic examination 25/07/2016 Positive
        State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National laboratory) Cervidae polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 25/07/2016 Positive
        State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National laboratory) Cervidae Ascoli test 25/07/2016 Positive
        State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National laboratory) Cervidae bacteriological examination 25/07/2016 Positive
        Future Reporting
        The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
        ...
        "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
        -Nelson Mandela

        Comment


        • #5
          Anthrax,
          Russia
          Information received on 18/08/2016 from Dr Evgeny Nepoklonov, Deputy Head, Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow, Russia
          Summary
          Report type Follow-up report No. 1
          Date of start of the event 16/07/2016
          Date of confirmation of the event 25/07/2016
          Report date 18/08/2016
          Date submitted to OIE 18/08/2016
          Reason for notification Reoccurrence of a listed disease
          Date of previous occurrence 01/1941
          Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
          Causal agent Bacillus anthracis
          Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (advanced), Necropsy
          This event pertains to a defined zone within the country
          Related reports Immediate notification (05/08/2016)
          Follow-up report No. 1 (18/08/2016)
          New outbreaks (1)
          Outbreak 1 Pyakyakhinsky NGKM, Tazovsky, YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG
          Date of start of the outbreak 03/08/2016
          Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided)
          Epidemiological unit Not applicable
          Affected animals
          Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
          Cervidae 1 1 0 0
          Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1
          Total animals affected
          Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Destroyed Slaughtered
          Cervidae 1 1 0 0
          Outbreak statistics
          Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost*
          Cervidae ** ** 100.00% **
          *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
          **Not calculated because of missing information
          Epidemiology
          Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
          • Unknown or inconclusive
          • climatic factors
          Epidemiological comments It is thought that as a consequence of abnormally high temperatures experienced in Yamalsky district, the permafrost thawed which led to anthrax spores being shifted to upper soil layers. The animals got infected while grazing by ingesting vegetation contaminated by the causal agent. Before this event no outbreaks had been reported in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug since 1941. Emergency vaccination of animals against anthrax is being carried out in the region. An epizootiological investigation is still ongoing.
          Control measures
          Measures applied
          • Movement control inside the country
          • Vaccination in response to the outbreak (s)
            Administrative division Species Total Vaccinated Details
            YAMALO-NENETSKIY AVTONOMNYY OKRUG Cervidae 138524
          • Disinfection / Disinfestation
          • Dipping / Spraying
          • Quarantine
          • Surveillance outside containment and/or protection zone
          • Official destruction of animal products
          • Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
          • Surveillance within containment and/or protection zone
          • Control of wildlife reservoirs
          • Treatment of affected animals ( )
          Measures to be applied
          • No other measures
          Diagnostic test results
          Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result
          State Science Institution National Research Institute of Veterinary Virology and Microbiology of Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (National laboratory) Cervidae bacteriological examination 07/08/2016 Positive
          Future Reporting
          The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
          ...
          "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
          -Nelson Mandela

          Comment

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