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Chinese antibiotic pollution map shocking!
2018-02-26 06:32:14 Source: Anti-short space research center
New Year's dinner table, every family, ultimately, poultry fish, I believe you have just eaten a lot. However,you may not know, Chinese Academy of Sciences has posted a map antibiotic pollution, exposing hidden in our food system, the amazing fact - in order to support the industrial farming industry, several ten thousand tons of antibiotics per year by farm animals and our bodies , Into the soil and water environment, resulting in serious resistance to various germs, chickens, ducks, pigs and fish all fall.
China's first list of antibiotic contamination surgeon, is the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Light States should be the subject group. Dr. Yingguang Yingguo is a leader in domestic antibiotic research. Since 2006, he began to study antibiotic contamination. He started a military campaign in south China with a footprint of 58 major rivers in China and major farms in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Hebei provinces.
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The Chinese Academy of Sciences pollution map first disclosed details of antibiotic use and emissions across the country: China used 162,000 tons of antibiotics in 2013, 52% for veterinary use and 48% for human use.
The study selected the 36 most commonly detected antibiotics as the research object, the total amount of more than 90,000 tons, of which livestock antibiotics accounted for 84%; most of the antibiotics excreted by humans and animals in vitro, a year with more than 50,000 tons of antibiotics Emissions into the soil and water environment.
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China's use of antibiotics can be divided into two distinct parts of the eastern and western parts. The intensity of antibiotic emissions in the eastern part is more than six times that of the western part.
Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Haihe River Basin, the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River are the areas with the largest amount of antibiotic emissions in the country, and the antibiotic content per unit area in the Pearl River ranks first in the country.
As can be seen from the color map pollution, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and other relatively good economic areas darker colors, which means that the hardest hit by pollution.
These are the hardest hit areas in pollution, the meaning is to drink water can cure infection Bai!
Compared with foreign countries, Chinese rivers generally have higher concentrations of antibiotics, with concentrations up to 7560 ng / l.
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However, in addition to comparing foreign data, China's tap water and surface water quality testing of national standards, are not included antibiotics.
As can be seen from the table below, the daily use of antibiotics per 1,000 people in our country is 5.7 times that of the United Kingdom, reaching 5.5 times the number of the United States!
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Where do water antibiotics come from?
The sources of antibiotics in the environment mainly include domestic sewage, medical wastewater, animal feed and aquaculture wastewater discharge. Antibiotic residues in the environment may re-enter the human body through various means. The most important thing is to drink water containing antibiotics, eat meat and vegetables that contain antibiotic residues, and return to the human body through ecological circulation.
In pigs, broilers, aquaculture and other aquaculture processes, due to high density breeding, many farmers to reduce the incidence of infection, improve efficiency, used to add a variety of antibiotics in the feed. Such as pig feed, colistin sulfate, chlortetracycline are commonly used antibiotics, up to a ton of feed can add 1 kg of antibiotics.
Yingguang introduction, the Pearl River Valley population density is high, Guangdong is a major breeding province, chicken, pig consumption in the country is very high, aquaculture developed, Guangdong fish ponds in the country the most, so the Pearl River basin antibiotic use , Large emissions, high emission density. In addition, the level of sewage treatment in China is also relatively low, with almost direct discharge of sewage in rural areas.
Chinese Academy of Sciences team in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan pig farms, chicken farms, duck farms showed that the aquaculture industry used different antibiotics:
The highest concentration of antibiotics in swine manure is tetracycline 5.6 mg / kg.
"These veterinary drugs often play more to our own are afraid!" Zhaohua City, Guangdong Province, Lotus Village, step by step pig farmer Liu said.
Liao pig farms have more than 2,000 pigs, raising a few decades of pigs, "fight drugs" Laoliao is commonplace. Pig now there are dozens of major diseases, injections, filling worse and worse, more and more fierce medication. Once the pigs cough, thin, we must continue to fight drugs, has been hit to let pigs eat.
"Just medicine, pigs can not afford to raise pigs too expensive."
A pig raised to 240 pounds from childhood to 7 months, farming costs, feed costs 1,300 yuan, the drug will be more than 300 yuan. The size of a thousand head pig breeding, a year with antibiotics and other veterinary drugs cost up to 500,000 yuan.
The highest concentration of antibiotics detected in chickens and dung was 6.11 mg / kg.
The dairy farm is also using antibiotics.
"We went to Guangxi, Guangdong, a large cattle factory, dairy cows are also using antibiotics, because milking a long time will be inflammation."
Walking chicken is equally insecure. "I started to think that the chicken in the field should not be taken and finally found to be used as well." Yingguo Guo saw farmers in Yunfu, Qingyuan and Jiangmen that antibiotics should be used in large quantities in order to make chickens grow faster and prevent chicken plague.
Fish farming is equally spared. Seven antibiotics were detected in the pond sediment, with a maximum concentration of 3400 μg / kg and an average concentration of 524 μg / kg.
The dangers of the proliferation of antibiotics in the end how much?
Environmental antibiotic pollution on human health have any effect? Is there any harm to drinking water with antibiotic residues? Are antibiotics detected in meat safe?
In the field of pharmacy, broad spectrum (for the vast majority of bacteria) antibiotics are broadly divided into penicillins, carbapenems, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides , Quinolones and so on. "Different drugs have different half-lives in the human or animal body (drugs decay to other substances). Taking quinolones (such as norfloxacin) as an example, their half-lives are long and their chemical stability is good in nature.
It takes enough time to degrade into other substances, if humans long-term low intake of quinolones containing water, meat, the immediate result is drug resistance. Chinese Society of Pharmacology teaching and science special committee, Southern Medical University School of Pharmacy Professor Xu Jiangping said.
Quinolones are more common problems with human resistance, such as quinolone-norfloxacin, which has not been able to treat bacterial infections such as norfloxacin and ofloxacin, System, the treatment of urinary tract infections are also gradually reduced, and this is the performance of drug resistance. "
The study by Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry showed that the dosage of quinolones is still very large. Taking norfloxacin as an example, 5,440 tons were used nationwide in 2013, of which 4427 tons were for livestock. Xu Jiangping said his latest information shows that the Ministry of Agriculture has realized the harmful effects of quinolone abuse in aquaculture and will soon decide to stop the use of four types of quinolones in aquaculture. "There are other small molecule antibiotics that have a long half-life, good chemical stability in nature, and similar long-term micronutrient-induced resistance conclusions."
Yingguo's report shows that there is a positive correlation between the amount of antibiotics used, the predicted environmental concentration, the bacterial resistance rate in surface water environment and the bacterial resistance rate of the hospital, and the positive correlation is more significant among the new antibiotics with shorter age.
Abuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is thought to be the main cause of drug-resistant bacteria. In the feeding cycle of our animals, farmers and ranchers have been fed small quantities of medicines that are not intended to cure diseased animals but rather to promote growth and inhibit the excrement that is caused by close contact with each other Disease, animals eat antibiotics, only a small part of the absorption, most will be excreted with the feces.
In 2013, eight Chinese and U.S. scientists published a study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of 149 unique "antibiotic resistance genes found in manure in three Chinese commercial pig farms.
Resistance genes can be transmitted to the human body through the environment, meat products of the above animals, etc., and some form "super bacteria", which makes it difficult or even impossible for people to treat the infection through conventional antibiotics. R & D of new drugs has simply failed to keep pace with the development of new drugs.
The threat has been exposed in the body. In April 2015, ZHOU Ying, an associate professor of public health at the Fudan University School of Public Health, conducted a bio-monitoring of urinary antibiotics in over one thousand school-age children aged 8 to 11 years in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province after 1 year. One antibiotic was detected, one in four detected more than two antibiotics and some even six antibiotics.
The abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics in animals has become one of the major issues in the field of public health around the world. Doctors face the problems of less and less choice and insufficient time to make decisions. How often are they saved the lives of patients? Choose the problems. At least 2 million Americans are affected each year, of whom about 23,000 die of antibiotic-resistant infections.
Contain antibiotic pollution imminent! The report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is still a static investigation of the pollution of water and soil antibiotics. We urge the state to establish long-term monitoring of antibiotics in tap water and surface water and include antibiotics in the monitoring of national water quality standards.
At the same time, it is more fundamental to transform the mode of production of our agriculture and aquaculture. In the east, especially the Pearl River Delta and the more vulnerable Haihe River Basin, the export-oriented intensive scale breeding industry has given birth to tens of thousands of tons of antibiotic production and discharge each year.
Should we not thoroughly reflect on and transform the intensive and industrialized mode of production of aquaculture and find a way of low-cost ecological farming?
zhttp://finance.jrj.com.cn/2018/02/26063224150387.shtml
2018-02-26 06:32:14 Source: Anti-short space research center
New Year's dinner table, every family, ultimately, poultry fish, I believe you have just eaten a lot. However,you may not know, Chinese Academy of Sciences has posted a map antibiotic pollution, exposing hidden in our food system, the amazing fact - in order to support the industrial farming industry, several ten thousand tons of antibiotics per year by farm animals and our bodies , Into the soil and water environment, resulting in serious resistance to various germs, chickens, ducks, pigs and fish all fall.
China's first list of antibiotic contamination surgeon, is the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou Institute of Light States should be the subject group. Dr. Yingguang Yingguo is a leader in domestic antibiotic research. Since 2006, he began to study antibiotic contamination. He started a military campaign in south China with a footprint of 58 major rivers in China and major farms in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and Hebei provinces.
=
The Chinese Academy of Sciences pollution map first disclosed details of antibiotic use and emissions across the country: China used 162,000 tons of antibiotics in 2013, 52% for veterinary use and 48% for human use.
The study selected the 36 most commonly detected antibiotics as the research object, the total amount of more than 90,000 tons, of which livestock antibiotics accounted for 84%; most of the antibiotics excreted by humans and animals in vitro, a year with more than 50,000 tons of antibiotics Emissions into the soil and water environment.
=
China's use of antibiotics can be divided into two distinct parts of the eastern and western parts. The intensity of antibiotic emissions in the eastern part is more than six times that of the western part.
Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Haihe River Basin, the Yangtze River and the Xijiang River are the areas with the largest amount of antibiotic emissions in the country, and the antibiotic content per unit area in the Pearl River ranks first in the country.
As can be seen from the color map pollution, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and other relatively good economic areas darker colors, which means that the hardest hit by pollution.
These are the hardest hit areas in pollution, the meaning is to drink water can cure infection Bai!
Compared with foreign countries, Chinese rivers generally have higher concentrations of antibiotics, with concentrations up to 7560 ng / l.
=
However, in addition to comparing foreign data, China's tap water and surface water quality testing of national standards, are not included antibiotics.
As can be seen from the table below, the daily use of antibiotics per 1,000 people in our country is 5.7 times that of the United Kingdom, reaching 5.5 times the number of the United States!
=
Where do water antibiotics come from?
The sources of antibiotics in the environment mainly include domestic sewage, medical wastewater, animal feed and aquaculture wastewater discharge. Antibiotic residues in the environment may re-enter the human body through various means. The most important thing is to drink water containing antibiotics, eat meat and vegetables that contain antibiotic residues, and return to the human body through ecological circulation.
In pigs, broilers, aquaculture and other aquaculture processes, due to high density breeding, many farmers to reduce the incidence of infection, improve efficiency, used to add a variety of antibiotics in the feed. Such as pig feed, colistin sulfate, chlortetracycline are commonly used antibiotics, up to a ton of feed can add 1 kg of antibiotics.
Yingguang introduction, the Pearl River Valley population density is high, Guangdong is a major breeding province, chicken, pig consumption in the country is very high, aquaculture developed, Guangdong fish ponds in the country the most, so the Pearl River basin antibiotic use , Large emissions, high emission density. In addition, the level of sewage treatment in China is also relatively low, with almost direct discharge of sewage in rural areas.
Chinese Academy of Sciences team in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan pig farms, chicken farms, duck farms showed that the aquaculture industry used different antibiotics:
The highest concentration of antibiotics in swine manure is tetracycline 5.6 mg / kg.
"These veterinary drugs often play more to our own are afraid!" Zhaohua City, Guangdong Province, Lotus Village, step by step pig farmer Liu said.
Liao pig farms have more than 2,000 pigs, raising a few decades of pigs, "fight drugs" Laoliao is commonplace. Pig now there are dozens of major diseases, injections, filling worse and worse, more and more fierce medication. Once the pigs cough, thin, we must continue to fight drugs, has been hit to let pigs eat.
"Just medicine, pigs can not afford to raise pigs too expensive."
A pig raised to 240 pounds from childhood to 7 months, farming costs, feed costs 1,300 yuan, the drug will be more than 300 yuan. The size of a thousand head pig breeding, a year with antibiotics and other veterinary drugs cost up to 500,000 yuan.
The highest concentration of antibiotics detected in chickens and dung was 6.11 mg / kg.
The dairy farm is also using antibiotics.
"We went to Guangxi, Guangdong, a large cattle factory, dairy cows are also using antibiotics, because milking a long time will be inflammation."
Walking chicken is equally insecure. "I started to think that the chicken in the field should not be taken and finally found to be used as well." Yingguo Guo saw farmers in Yunfu, Qingyuan and Jiangmen that antibiotics should be used in large quantities in order to make chickens grow faster and prevent chicken plague.
Fish farming is equally spared. Seven antibiotics were detected in the pond sediment, with a maximum concentration of 3400 μg / kg and an average concentration of 524 μg / kg.
The dangers of the proliferation of antibiotics in the end how much?
Environmental antibiotic pollution on human health have any effect? Is there any harm to drinking water with antibiotic residues? Are antibiotics detected in meat safe?
In the field of pharmacy, broad spectrum (for the vast majority of bacteria) antibiotics are broadly divided into penicillins, carbapenems, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides , Quinolones and so on. "Different drugs have different half-lives in the human or animal body (drugs decay to other substances). Taking quinolones (such as norfloxacin) as an example, their half-lives are long and their chemical stability is good in nature.
It takes enough time to degrade into other substances, if humans long-term low intake of quinolones containing water, meat, the immediate result is drug resistance. Chinese Society of Pharmacology teaching and science special committee, Southern Medical University School of Pharmacy Professor Xu Jiangping said.
Quinolones are more common problems with human resistance, such as quinolone-norfloxacin, which has not been able to treat bacterial infections such as norfloxacin and ofloxacin, System, the treatment of urinary tract infections are also gradually reduced, and this is the performance of drug resistance. "
The study by Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry showed that the dosage of quinolones is still very large. Taking norfloxacin as an example, 5,440 tons were used nationwide in 2013, of which 4427 tons were for livestock. Xu Jiangping said his latest information shows that the Ministry of Agriculture has realized the harmful effects of quinolone abuse in aquaculture and will soon decide to stop the use of four types of quinolones in aquaculture. "There are other small molecule antibiotics that have a long half-life, good chemical stability in nature, and similar long-term micronutrient-induced resistance conclusions."
Yingguo's report shows that there is a positive correlation between the amount of antibiotics used, the predicted environmental concentration, the bacterial resistance rate in surface water environment and the bacterial resistance rate of the hospital, and the positive correlation is more significant among the new antibiotics with shorter age.
Abuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is thought to be the main cause of drug-resistant bacteria. In the feeding cycle of our animals, farmers and ranchers have been fed small quantities of medicines that are not intended to cure diseased animals but rather to promote growth and inhibit the excrement that is caused by close contact with each other Disease, animals eat antibiotics, only a small part of the absorption, most will be excreted with the feces.
In 2013, eight Chinese and U.S. scientists published a study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of 149 unique "antibiotic resistance genes found in manure in three Chinese commercial pig farms.
Resistance genes can be transmitted to the human body through the environment, meat products of the above animals, etc., and some form "super bacteria", which makes it difficult or even impossible for people to treat the infection through conventional antibiotics. R & D of new drugs has simply failed to keep pace with the development of new drugs.
The threat has been exposed in the body. In April 2015, ZHOU Ying, an associate professor of public health at the Fudan University School of Public Health, conducted a bio-monitoring of urinary antibiotics in over one thousand school-age children aged 8 to 11 years in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Province after 1 year. One antibiotic was detected, one in four detected more than two antibiotics and some even six antibiotics.
The abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics in animals has become one of the major issues in the field of public health around the world. Doctors face the problems of less and less choice and insufficient time to make decisions. How often are they saved the lives of patients? Choose the problems. At least 2 million Americans are affected each year, of whom about 23,000 die of antibiotic-resistant infections.
Contain antibiotic pollution imminent! The report of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is still a static investigation of the pollution of water and soil antibiotics. We urge the state to establish long-term monitoring of antibiotics in tap water and surface water and include antibiotics in the monitoring of national water quality standards.
At the same time, it is more fundamental to transform the mode of production of our agriculture and aquaculture. In the east, especially the Pearl River Delta and the more vulnerable Haihe River Basin, the export-oriented intensive scale breeding industry has given birth to tens of thousands of tons of antibiotic production and discharge each year.
Should we not thoroughly reflect on and transform the intensive and industrialized mode of production of aquaculture and find a way of low-cost ecological farming?
zhttp://finance.jrj.com.cn/2018/02/26063224150387.shtml