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Pakistan - 2 new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in birds, Islamabad Capital Territory (OIE, February 26, 2019)

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  • Pakistan - 2 new outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 in birds, Islamabad Capital Territory (OIE, February 26, 2019)

    Highly pathogenic influenza A viruses (infection with) (non-poultry including wild birds),
    Pakistan
    Information received on 26/02/2019 from Dr Khurshid Ahmad, Animal Husbandry Commissioner, Government of Pakistan, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
    Summary
    Report type Immediate notification
    Date of start of the event 02/01/2019
    Date of confirmation of the event 15/02/2019
    Report date 26/02/2019
    Date submitted to OIE 26/02/2019
    Reason for notification Recurrence of a listed disease
    Date of previous occurrence 02/02/2018
    Manifestation of disease Clinical disease
    Causal agent Highly pathogenic influenza A virus
    Serotype H5N8
    Nature of diagnosis Clinical, Laboratory (advanced)
    This event pertains to a defined zone within the country
    New outbreaks (2)
    Outbreak 1 F 11/3, Islamabad Capital Territory
    Date of start of the outbreak 02/01/2019
    Outbreak status Resolved (22/02/2019)
    Epidemiological unit Other
    Affected animals
    Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered
    Mallard:Anas platyrhynchos(Anatidae) 10 7 7 3 0
    Common Guineafowl:Numida meleagris(Numididae) 8 6 6 2 0
    Coscoroba Swan:Coscoroba coscoroba(Anatidae) 50 50 50 0 0
    Affected population Adult Guinea fowl, swan and duck were submitted for laboratory analysis.
    Outbreak 2 Diplomatic Enclave, Islamabad Capital Territory
    Date of start of the outbreak 07/02/2019
    Outbreak status Resolved (15/02/2019)
    Epidemiological unit Other
    Affected animals
    Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered
    House Crow:Corvus splendens(Corvidae) 1 1 0 0
    Affected population An adult dead crow was submitted for analysis to the National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases.
    Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 2
    Total animals affected
    Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered
    Mallard:Anas platyrhynchos(Anatidae) 10 7 7 3 0
    Common Guineafowl:Numida meleagris(Numididae) 8 6 6 2 0
    Coscoroba Swan:Coscoroba coscoroba(Anatidae) 50 50 50 0 0
    House Crow:Corvus splendens(Corvidae) 1 1 0 0
    Outbreak statistics
    Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost*
    Mallard:Anas platyrhynchos(Anatidae) 70.00% 70.00% 100.00% 100.00%
    Common Guineafowl:Numida meleagris(Numididae) 75.00% 75.00% 100.00% 100.00%
    Coscoroba Swan:Coscoroba coscoroba(Anatidae) 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
    House Crow:Corvus splendens(Corvidae) ** ** 100.00% **
    *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter
    **Not calculated because of missing information
    Epidemiology
    Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection
    • Unknown or inconclusive
    Epidemiological comments Clinical symptoms swan, duck and Guinea fowl included diarrhea, respiratory signs and sudden death. The dead swan, duck and Guinea fowl were submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) and tested positive for influenza A H5N8 virus. A dead crow was sent by an official from the British High Commission to the NRLPD for analysis and tested positive for influenza A H5N8 virus.
    Control measures
    Measures applied
    • Movement control inside the country
    • Screening
    • Official destruction of animal products
    • Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
    • Control of wildlife reservoirs
    • Selective killing and disposal
    • Disinfection
    • Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
    • No treatment of affected animals
    Measures to be applied
    • No other measures
    Diagnostic test results
    Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Common Guineafowl virus neutralisation test (VNT) 22/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Coscoroba Swan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Common Guineafowl enzyme immunoassay (EIA) membrane test 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Common Guineafowl real-time PCR 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Common Guineafowl virus isolation 22/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Coscoroba Swan real-time PCR 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Coscoroba Swan virus isolation 22/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Coscoroba Swan virus neutralisation test (VNT) 22/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) House Crow enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) House Crow real-time PCR 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) House Crow virus isolation 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) House Crow virus neutralisation test (VNT) 26/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Mallard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Mallard real-time PCR 15/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Mallard virus isolation 22/02/2019 Positive
    National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases (NRLPD) (Regional Reference Laboratory) Mallard virus neutralisation test (VNT) 22/02/2019 Positive
    Future Reporting
    The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
    ...
    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela
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