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  • Nepal - Bird flu outbreak in poultry 2023

    Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Immediate notification

    GENERAL INFORMATION
    COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
    COUNTRY/TERRITORY

    ANIMAL TYPE
    TERRESTRIAL

    DISEASE CATEGORY
    OIE-listed

    EVENT ID
    4884

    DISEASE
    High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

    CAUSAL AGENT
    Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

    GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
    H5N1

    START DATE
    2023/01/27

    REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
    Recurrence of an eradicated disease

    DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
    2022/11/01

    CONFIRMATION DATE
    2023/01/31

    EVENT STATUS
    On-going

    END DATE
    -

    SELF-DECLARATION
    NO

    REPORT INFORMATION
    REPORT NUMBER
    Immediate notification

    REPORT ID
    IN_159155

    REPORT REFERENCE
    -

    REPORT DATE
    2023/02/05

    REPORT STATUS
    Validated

    NO EVOLUTION REPORT
    -

    EPIDEMIOLOGY

    SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
    Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)
    Contact with wild species

    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
    Commercial layers 25 weeks and 40 weeks old have been affected. Wild birds like crows and eagles have been seen near farm premises.
    ...
    NEW OUTBREAKS

    OB_113412 - NAGARJUN MUNICIPALITY-6, RAMKOT, JAYANTIGAUN

    OUTBREAK REFERENCE
    -

    START DATE
    2023/01/27

    END DATE
    -

    DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
    -

    FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
    Bagmati Pradesh

    SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
    KATHMANDU

    THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
    Nagarjun

    EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
    Farm

    LOCATION
    Nagarjun Municipality-6, Ramkot, Jayantigaun

    Latitude, Longitude
    27.722425 , 85.25697

    OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
    -

    MEASURING UNIT
    Animal

    AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
    -

    SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
    Birds (DOMESTIC) NEW 7500 2909 2909 4591 0 0
    TOTAL 7500 2909 2909 4591 0 0
    ...
    "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
    -Nelson Mandela

  • #2
    Source: https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.c...?categoryId=81

    Bird flu cases confirmed in three places in Kathmandu Valley
    Published On: February 6, 2023 08:18 PM NPT By: Republica |

    KATHMANDU, Feb 6: Bird flu infection has been confirmed in three places in the Kathmandu Valley, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD).

    Officials at the MoALD said that bird flu cases have so far been confirmed in Lalitpur and Kathmandu.

    “Bird flu infection has been confirmed in chickens reared in Khumaltar of Lalitpur district and Tarakeswar Municipality and Ramkot area of Nagarjun Municipality in Kathmandu district,” said MoALD Spokesperson Prakash Kumar Sanjel.

    The first infection of A (H5N1), also known as bird flu or avian influenza virus, was confirmed in a Turkey farm of Lalitpur-based Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) in Khumaltar, last Friday. However, authorities have yet to take measures to contain the spread of the infection. The MoALD said that a small number of birds there have been culled as a part of the containment measure.

    Bird flu infection has also been confirmed in a farm in Ramkot, Nagarjun Municipality-6. According to the ministry, 4,500 chickens and 2,255 eggs in the farm have been destroyed...

    Comment


    • #3
      Source: https://kathmandupost.com/health/202...1-confirmation

      Over 11,600 birds culled following A(H5N1) confirmation
      An avian flu outbreak at a Lalitpur-based government farm around two weeks ago has been confirmed to have spread to at least six local units in the Valley.
      post report
      Published at : February 17, 2023
      Updated at : February 17, 2023 07:50

      Kathmandu

      As many as 11,672 domestic birds—layers, New Hampshire and local chickens, ducks, turkeys and quail—have been culled following confirmation of A(H5N1) virus, also known as bird flu or avian influenza virus.

      The deadly virus, first found around two weeks ago at the Lalitpur-based Nepal Agriculture Research Council's turkey farm, has spread to at least six local units in Kathmandu Valley.

      “Along with domestic birds of the disease-hit farms, we have also destroyed 11,085 eggs, 1,000 kg feed, 1,000 eggs, 1,000 egg crates and disinfected the farms,” said Dr Chandra Dhakal, information officer at the Department of Livestock Services. “We have also stepped up surveillance to lessen risks of spreading the virus in other areas.”

      According to the department, outbreaks of the virus have been reported in Lalitpur Metropolitan City, Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Tarakeshwar Municipality, Nagarjun Municipality, Kirtipur Municipality and Changunarayan Municipality....


      Comment


      • #4
        Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 2

        GENERAL INFORMATION
        COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
        COUNTRY/TERRITORY

        ANIMAL TYPE
        TERRESTRIAL

        DISEASE CATEGORY
        OIE-listed

        EVENT ID
        4884

        DISEASE
        High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

        CAUSAL AGENT
        Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

        GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
        H5N1

        START DATE
        2023/01/24

        REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
        Recurrence of an eradicated disease

        DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
        2022/11/01

        CONFIRMATION DATE
        2023/01/31

        EVENT STATUS
        On-going

        END DATE
        -

        SELF-DECLARATION
        NO

        REPORT INFORMATION
        REPORT NUMBER
        Follow-up report 2

        REPORT ID
        FUR_159392

        REPORT REFERENCE
        -

        REPORT DATE
        2023/02/20

        REPORT STATUS
        Validated

        NO EVOLUTION REPORT
        -

        EPIDEMIOLOGY

        SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
        Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)
        Contact with wild species

        EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
        Commercial layers 25 weeks and 40 weeks old have been affected. Wild birds like crows and eagles have been seen near farm premises.

        QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY
        MEASURING UNIT
        Animal

        SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
        Birds (DOMESTIC) NEW 17934 5880 5880 12054 0 0
        TOTAL 28920 10148 10148 18772 0 0

        DIAGNOSTIC DETAILS
        CLINICAL SIGNS
        YES

        ...

        NEW OUTBREAKS

        OB_114232 - KAKANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY-1, NUWAKOT...
        OB_114231 - CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY-7, BHAKTAPUR...
        OB_114230 - KIRTIPUR MUNICIPALITY-4, PRAGATINAGAR...

        PREVIOUSLY REPORTED OUTBREAKS

        OB_113476 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-7, FUTUNG...
        OB_113474 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-1...
        OB_113475 - NEPAL ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE,LALITPUR METROPOILTAN-15, KHUMALTAR...
        OB_113412 - NAGARJUN MUNICIPALITY-6, RAMKOT, JAYANTIGAUN...

        "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
        -Nelson Mandela

        Comment


        • #5
          Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 4

          GENERAL INFORMATION
          COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
          COUNTRY/TERRITORY

          ANIMAL TYPE
          TERRESTRIAL

          DISEASE CATEGORY
          OIE-listed

          EVENT ID
          4884

          DISEASE
          High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

          CAUSAL AGENT
          Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

          GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
          H5N1

          START DATE
          2023/01/24

          REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
          Recurrence of an eradicated disease

          DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
          2022/11/01

          CONFIRMATION DATE
          2023/01/31

          EVENT STATUS
          On-going

          END DATE
          -

          SELF-DECLARATION
          NO

          REPORT INFORMATION
          REPORT NUMBER
          Follow-up report 4

          REPORT ID
          FUR_159851

          REPORT REFERENCE
          -

          REPORT DATE
          2023/03/15

          REPORT STATUS
          Validated

          NO EVOLUTION REPORT
          -

          EPIDEMIOLOGY

          SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
          Contact with wild species
          Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)

          EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
          Commercial layers 25 weeks and 40 weeks old have been affected. Wild birds like crows and eagles have been seen near farm premises.

          QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY
          MEASURING UNIT
          Animal

          SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
          Birds (DOMESTIC) NEW 22736 4974 4974 17762 0 0
          TOTAL 52356 15307 15307 37049 0 0
          ...

          NEW OUTBREAKS

          OB_115760 - CHUNIKHEL, LALITPUR METROPOLITAN CITY-22...
          OB_115759 - CHANGUNARAYAN-8, RATOPATI, BHAKTAPUR...
          OB_115757 - BUDANILKANTHA-4, KATHMANDU...

          PREVIOUSLY REPORTED OUTBREAKS

          OB_114854 - GOKARNESHWOR MUNICIPALITY--2 SUNSTAR...
          OB_114232 - KAKANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY-1, NUWAKOT
          OB_114231 - CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY-7, BHAKTAPUR
          OB_114230 - KIRTIPUR MUNICIPALITY-4, PRAGATINAGAR
          OB_113476 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-7, FUTUNG
          OB_113474 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-1
          OB_113475 - NEPAL ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE,LALITPUR METROPOILTAN-15, KHUMALTAR
          OB_113412 - NAGARJUN MUNICIPALITY-6, RAMKOT, JAYANTIGAUN

          ...
          "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
          -Nelson Mandela

          Comment


          • #6
            Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 5

            GENERAL INFORMATION
            COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
            COUNTRY/TERRITORY

            ANIMAL TYPE
            TERRESTRIAL

            DISEASE CATEGORY
            OIE-listed

            EVENT ID
            4884

            DISEASE
            High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

            CAUSAL AGENT
            Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

            GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
            H5N1

            START DATE
            2023/01/24

            REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
            Recurrence of an eradicated disease

            DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
            2022/11/01

            CONFIRMATION DATE
            2023/01/31

            EVENT STATUS
            On-going

            END DATE
            -

            SELF-DECLARATION
            NO

            REPORT INFORMATION
            REPORT NUMBER
            Follow-up report 5

            REPORT ID
            FUR_160014

            REPORT REFERENCE
            -

            REPORT DATE
            2023/03/22

            REPORT STATUS
            Validated

            NO EVOLUTION REPORT
            -

            EPIDEMIOLOGY

            SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
            Contact with wild species
            Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)

            EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
            ...

            NEW OUTBREAKS

            OB_116110 - CHANGUNARAYAN-9, TATHALI, BHAKTAPUR
            OUTBREAK REFERENCE
            -

            START DATE
            2023/03/03

            END DATE
            -

            DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
            -

            FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
            Bagmati Pradesh

            SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
            BHAKTAPUR

            THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
            Changunarayan

            EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
            Farm

            LOCATION
            Changunarayan-9, Tathali, Bhaktapur

            Latitude, Longitude
            27.668223 , 85.47244

            OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
            -

            MEASURING UNIT
            Animal

            AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
            Commercial layers of 42 weeks old


            SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
            Birds (DOMESTIC) NEW 8000 5210 5210 2790 0 0
            TOTAL 8000 5210 5210 2790 0 0
            ...
            PREVIOUSLY REPORTED OUTBREAKS

            OB_115760 - CHUNIKHEL, LALITPUR METROPOLITAN CITY-22
            OB_115759 - CHANGUNARAYAN-8, RATOPATI, BHAKTAPUR
            OB_115757 - BUDANILKANTHA-4, KATHMANDU
            OB_114854 - GOKARNESHWOR MUNICIPALITY--2 SUNSTAR
            OB_114232 - KAKANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY-1, NUWAKOT
            OB_114231 - CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY-7, BHAKTAPUR
            OB_114230 - KIRTIPUR MUNICIPALITY-4, PRAGATINAGAR
            OB_113476 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-7, FUTUNG
            OB_113474 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-1
            OB_113475 - NEPAL ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE,LALITPUR METROPOILTAN-15, KHUMALTAR
            OB_113412 - NAGARJUN MUNICIPALITY-6, RAMKOT, JAYANTIGAUN


            "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
            -Nelson Mandela

            Comment


            • #7
              Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 7

              GENERAL INFORMATION
              COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
              COUNTRY/TERRITORY

              ANIMAL TYPE
              TERRESTRIAL

              DISEASE CATEGORY
              Listed disease

              EVENT ID
              4884

              DISEASE
              High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

              CAUSAL AGENT
              Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

              GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
              H5N1

              START DATE
              2023/01/24

              REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
              Recurrence of an eradicated disease

              DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
              2022/11/01

              CONFIRMATION DATE
              2023/01/31

              EVENT STATUS
              On-going

              END DATE
              -

              SELF-DECLARATION
              NO

              REPORT INFORMATION
              REPORT NUMBER
              Follow-up report 7

              REPORT ID
              FUR_160953

              REPORT REFERENCE
              -

              REPORT DATE
              2023/05/17

              REPORT STATUS
              Validated

              NO EVOLUTION REPORT
              -

              EPIDEMIOLOGY
              SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
              Contact with wild species
              Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)

              EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS

              Backyard chicken and ducks of various age group



              QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY
              MEASURING UNIT
              Animal

              SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
              Birds (DOMESTIC)
              NEW 10245 6086 6086 4159 0 0
              TOTAL 74907 27279 27279 47628 0 0​
              ...

              NEW OUTBREAKS

              OB_118807 - CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY-4, BHAKTAPUR

              OUTBREAK REFERENCE
              -

              START DATE
              2023/05/06

              END DATE
              -

              DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
              -

              FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
              Bagmati Pradesh

              SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
              BHAKTAPUR

              THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
              Changunarayan

              EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
              Farm

              LOCATION
              Changunarayan municipality-4, Bhaktapur

              Latitude, Longitude
              27.716078 , 85.4217

              OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
              -

              MEASURING UNIT
              Animal

              AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
              Commercial layers of various age groups

              SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
              Birds (DOMESTIC)
              Poultry
              NEW 10245
              6086 6086 4159 0 0
              TOTAL 10245 6086 6086 4159 0 0

              ...

              PREVIOUSLY REPORTED OUTBREAKS

              OB_116749 - BANEPA-4, KAVREPALANCHOK...
              OB_116110 - CHANGUNARAYAN-9, TATHALI, BHAKTAPUR
              OB_115760 - CHUNIKHEL, LALITPUR METROPOLITAN CITY-22
              OB_115759 - CHANGUNARAYAN-8, RATOPATI, BHAKTAPUR
              OB_115757 - BUDANILKANTHA-4, KATHMANDU
              OB_114854 - GOKARNESHWOR MUNICIPALITY--2 SUNSTAR
              OB_114232 - KAKANI RURAL MUNICIPALITY-1, NUWAKOT
              OB_114231 - CHANGUNARAYAN MUNICIPALITY-7, BHAKTAPUR
              OB_114230 - KIRTIPUR MUNICIPALITY-4, PRAGATINAGAR
              OB_113476 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-7, FUTUNG
              OB_113474 - TARKESHWOR MUNICIPALITY-1
              OB_113475 - NEPAL ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE,LALITPUR METROPOILTAN-15, KHUMALTAR
              OB_113412 - NAGARJUN MUNICIPALITY-6, RAMKOT, JAYANTIGAUN​
              ...

              https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4884​
              "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
              -Nelson Mandela

              Comment


              • #8
                Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 8

                GENERAL INFORMATION
                COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
                COUNTRY/TERRITORY

                ANIMAL TYPE
                TERRESTRIAL

                DISEASE CATEGORY
                Listed disease

                EVENT ID
                4884

                DISEASE
                High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

                CAUSAL AGENT
                Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

                GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
                H5N1

                START DATE
                2023/01/24

                REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
                Recurrence of an eradicated disease

                DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
                2022/11/01

                CONFIRMATION DATE
                2023/01/31

                EVENT STATUS
                On-going

                END DATE
                -

                SELF-DECLARATION
                NO

                REPORT INFORMATION
                REPORT NUMBER
                Follow-up report 8

                REPORT ID
                FUR_161131

                REPORT REFERENCE
                -

                REPORT DATE
                2023/05/29

                REPORT STATUS
                Validated

                NO EVOLUTION REPORT
                -

                EPIDEMIOLOGY
                SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
                Contact with wild species
                Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)

                EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
                Backyard chicken and ducks of various age group
                ...
                NEW OUTBREAKS

                OB_119277 - SURYABINAYAK-8, BHAKTAPUR
                OUTBREAK REFERENCE
                -

                START DATE
                2023/05/22

                END DATE
                -

                DETAILED CHARACTERISATION
                -

                FIRST ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
                Bagmati Pradesh

                SECOND ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
                BHAKTAPUR

                THIRD ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISION
                Suryabinayak

                EPIDEMIOLOGICAL UNIT
                Farm

                LOCATION
                Suryabinayak-8, Bhaktapur

                Latitude, Longitude
                27.657881 , 85.440284

                OUTBREAKS IN CLUSTER
                -

                MEASURING UNIT
                Animal

                AFFECTED POPULATION DESCRIPTION
                Backyard chickens, 6 weeks old.

                SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
                Birds (DOMESTIC)
                Poultry
                NEW 4000
                3400 3400 600 0 0
                TOTAL 4000 3400 3400 600 0 0
                ...



                "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                -Nelson Mandela

                Comment


                • #9
                  Nepal - High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with) - Follow up report 9

                  GENERAL INFORMATION
                  COUNTRY/TERRITORY OR ZONE
                  COUNTRY/TERRITORY

                  ANIMAL TYPE
                  TERRESTRIAL

                  DISEASE CATEGORY
                  Listed disease

                  EVENT ID
                  4884

                  DISEASE
                  High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (poultry) (Inf. with)

                  CAUSAL AGENT
                  Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

                  GENOTYPE / SEROTYPE / SUBTYPE
                  H5N1

                  START DATE
                  2023/01/24

                  REASON FOR NOTIFICATION
                  Recurrence of an eradicated disease

                  DATE OF LAST OCCURRENCE
                  2022/11/01

                  CONFIRMATION DATE
                  2023/01/31

                  EVENT STATUS
                  On-going

                  END DATE
                  -

                  SELF-DECLARATION
                  NO

                  REPORT INFORMATION
                  REPORT NUMBER
                  Follow-up report 9

                  REPORT ID
                  FUR_161320

                  REPORT REFERENCE
                  -

                  REPORT DATE
                  2023/06/12

                  REPORT STATUS
                  Validated

                  NO EVOLUTION REPORT
                  -

                  EPIDEMIOLOGY
                  SOURCE OF EVENT OR ORIGIN OF INFECTION
                  Contact with wild species
                  Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)
                  EPIDEMIOLOGICAL COMMENTS
                  Backyard chicken and ducks of various age group

                  QUANTITATIVE DATA SUMMARY
                  MEASURING UNIT
                  Animal

                  SpeciesSusceptibleCasesDeathsKilled and Disposed ofSlaughtered/ Killed for commercial useVaccinated
                  Birds (DOMESTIC)
                  NEW 8547
                  7763 7763 784 0 0
                  TOTAL 87454 38442 38442 49012 0 0
                  ...

                  NEW OUTBREAKS

                  OB_120029 - CHANDRAGIRI MUNICIPALITY-5, KATHMANDU...
                  OB_120028 - BHAKTAPUR MUNICIPALITY-6, BHAKTAPUR
                  OB_120027 - CHANGUNARAYAN-5, BHAKTAPUR
                  ...


                  "Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
                  -Nelson Mandela

                  Comment

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