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7,200,000 slaughtered cattle in three weeks ... How fast is AI fast?
Shin Seobin Donga Science reporter
2016-12-09 04:45:46
Bird flu 'H5N6' spread emergency
'772,600.'
It is the number of chickens and ducks that were slaughtered at 180 farms nationwide in just three weeks because of avian influenza (AI) that occurred in Chungbuk Province on November 16 and Haenam in Chonnam Province. The speed of propagation is unprecedented, and if it is this way, it seems that it will exceed just over 1,000,000 sooner or later. In January 2014, the worst known epidemic of AI, the government slaughtered 13.96 million poultry, but that was a relatively long period of 195 days.
There are not many cases of slaughtering 10 million poultry in Korea. In 2010 ~ 2011, AI had slaughtered 6,473,000 animals during 139 days. In 2015, AI suffered a relatively small number of damage, a total of 300,000 birds in 62 days.
○ This year, the bird flu virus type 'H5N6' type
AI is mainly caused by infection of chickens and ducks with influenza viruses such as human flu viruses. Because it causes mutation every year, pathogenicity and propagation power are changed. This year's AI is classified as 'H5N6'. AI viruses are divided into protein types called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on the surface, which are numbered according to the order in which they are found. H5N6 is the case where the fifth HA is found together with the sixth NA.
In the scientific community, the AI is believed to be stronger than the H5N8, which had a long-lasting epidemic in Korea, but it had about 14 million injuries. Kim Jae-hong, a professor of veterinary medicine at Seoul National University, said, "The early spreading of this phenomenon seems to be a feature of H5N6," he said.
It will take about three months to complete the animal experiment to analyze the AI. However, it is expected that the mortality rate will be very high according to the preliminary experiments of the professor team of the veterinary department of Konkuk University. Professor Song said that when the eight ducks were infected with H5N8, none of them died, but with the H5N6 infection, 30% were killed in two days.
"In China, the H5N6 virus has become very prevalent in China and has outpaced the number of H5N1 infections that have been found so far in China," said Song. "This AI is consistent with one of the 34 H5N6 subspecies found in China."
However, human infectivity is not expected to be high. Influenza viruses can be divided into two types depending on the type of infected cells. One species prefers the 'alpha 2-3' receptors of avian respiratory cells and the other likes to bind 'alpha 2-6' receptors of mammalian respiratory cells. Most AI prefer to use alpha-2-3 receptors, leading to outbreaks in birds.
Kim Ki-sun, Director of the Influenza Virus Center at the CDC, said, "There is a risk of infection if a person is exposed for a long time because of the alveolar 2-3 receptor.
○ Preventive measures to prevent AI from occurring
As the AI damage grows exponentially, there is a growing call for urgent solutions. The National Assembly Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock Food and Fisheries Committee conducted an emergency issue review on July 7. In addition, the Democratic Party formed an AI special committee and held a meeting on the subject of "What AI is getting stronger and what are the measures?"
There was a lot of opinion among the experts attending the round-table conference that it was best to thoroughly diagnose and prevent influenza. Do not rely on the report of farmers, but the anti-virus authorities should check the farm twice a month for the incubation period to check for viruses, "said Seo Sang-hee, director of the Chungnam National University Flu Virus Laboratory. "He said.
Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock Quarantine Headquarters and the Ministry of Environment have invested about 2.6 billion won in 2016 to detect influenza in migratory birds and poultry to prevent AI. The quarantine headquarters conducted 370,000 pre-virus tests in migratory birds and poultry during 2016.However, the H5N6 that occurred this November was not found in advance.
There are allegations that the AI vaccine should be introduced. Kim Jae-hong, president, said, "It takes at least six months to develop the vaccine, and it is likely that the epidemic will end in the meantime." On the other hand, Seo Sang-hee said, "If we import vaccines made in China or Southeast Asia quickly, we can reduce the number of slaughter."
http://news.donga.com/3/all/20161209/81748677/1
Shin Seobin Donga Science reporter
2016-12-09 04:45:46
Bird flu 'H5N6' spread emergency
'772,600.'
It is the number of chickens and ducks that were slaughtered at 180 farms nationwide in just three weeks because of avian influenza (AI) that occurred in Chungbuk Province on November 16 and Haenam in Chonnam Province. The speed of propagation is unprecedented, and if it is this way, it seems that it will exceed just over 1,000,000 sooner or later. In January 2014, the worst known epidemic of AI, the government slaughtered 13.96 million poultry, but that was a relatively long period of 195 days.
There are not many cases of slaughtering 10 million poultry in Korea. In 2010 ~ 2011, AI had slaughtered 6,473,000 animals during 139 days. In 2015, AI suffered a relatively small number of damage, a total of 300,000 birds in 62 days.
○ This year, the bird flu virus type 'H5N6' type
AI is mainly caused by infection of chickens and ducks with influenza viruses such as human flu viruses. Because it causes mutation every year, pathogenicity and propagation power are changed. This year's AI is classified as 'H5N6'. AI viruses are divided into protein types called hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on the surface, which are numbered according to the order in which they are found. H5N6 is the case where the fifth HA is found together with the sixth NA.
In the scientific community, the AI is believed to be stronger than the H5N8, which had a long-lasting epidemic in Korea, but it had about 14 million injuries. Kim Jae-hong, a professor of veterinary medicine at Seoul National University, said, "The early spreading of this phenomenon seems to be a feature of H5N6," he said.
It will take about three months to complete the animal experiment to analyze the AI. However, it is expected that the mortality rate will be very high according to the preliminary experiments of the professor team of the veterinary department of Konkuk University. Professor Song said that when the eight ducks were infected with H5N8, none of them died, but with the H5N6 infection, 30% were killed in two days.
"In China, the H5N6 virus has become very prevalent in China and has outpaced the number of H5N1 infections that have been found so far in China," said Song. "This AI is consistent with one of the 34 H5N6 subspecies found in China."
However, human infectivity is not expected to be high. Influenza viruses can be divided into two types depending on the type of infected cells. One species prefers the 'alpha 2-3' receptors of avian respiratory cells and the other likes to bind 'alpha 2-6' receptors of mammalian respiratory cells. Most AI prefer to use alpha-2-3 receptors, leading to outbreaks in birds.
Kim Ki-sun, Director of the Influenza Virus Center at the CDC, said, "There is a risk of infection if a person is exposed for a long time because of the alveolar 2-3 receptor.
○ Preventive measures to prevent AI from occurring
As the AI damage grows exponentially, there is a growing call for urgent solutions. The National Assembly Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock Food and Fisheries Committee conducted an emergency issue review on July 7. In addition, the Democratic Party formed an AI special committee and held a meeting on the subject of "What AI is getting stronger and what are the measures?"
There was a lot of opinion among the experts attending the round-table conference that it was best to thoroughly diagnose and prevent influenza. Do not rely on the report of farmers, but the anti-virus authorities should check the farm twice a month for the incubation period to check for viruses, "said Seo Sang-hee, director of the Chungnam National University Flu Virus Laboratory. "He said.
Agriculture, Forestry and Livestock Quarantine Headquarters and the Ministry of Environment have invested about 2.6 billion won in 2016 to detect influenza in migratory birds and poultry to prevent AI. The quarantine headquarters conducted 370,000 pre-virus tests in migratory birds and poultry during 2016.However, the H5N6 that occurred this November was not found in advance.
There are allegations that the AI vaccine should be introduced. Kim Jae-hong, president, said, "It takes at least six months to develop the vaccine, and it is likely that the epidemic will end in the meantime." On the other hand, Seo Sang-hee said, "If we import vaccines made in China or Southeast Asia quickly, we can reduce the number of slaughter."
http://news.donga.com/3/all/20161209/81748677/1