|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Summary |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New outbreaks (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Epidemiology
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Control measures
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diagnostic test results
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Future Reporting
|
Announcement
Collapse
No announcement yet.
South Korea - Outbreaks of African swine fever 2019/2020
Collapse
X
-
...
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 26/12/2019 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Majeon-ri, Sinseo-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 25/12/2019 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Instititue of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 26/12/2019 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
Source: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20191228002200320
S. Korea confirms 53rd wild boar infected with African swine fever
All Headlines 17:46 December 28, 2019
CHEORWON, South Korea, Dec. 28 (Yonhap) -- A wild boar found dead near the border with North Korea has tested positive for African swine fever, authorities said Saturday, bringing the number of such cases to 53 in South Korea.
The confirmation came a day after the wild boar carcass was found on a hill by officials in the central border county of Cheorwon, according to the National Institute of Environmental Research, which is affiliated with the environment ministry.
Cheorwon is located about 90 kilometers north of Seoul...
Comment
-
Source: http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_...eq_Code=150329
S. Korea Confirms 54th Case of African Swine Fever
Write: 2019-12-30 09:26:03 / Update: 2019-12-30 11:33:47
A wild boar found dead near the inter-Korean border has tested positive for African swine fever(ASF), bringing the number of confirmed ASF cases in South Korea to 54.
The National Institute of Environmental Research on Sunday confirmed the wild boar found by a local resident on Friday in Yeoncheon County, Gyeonggi Province tested positive for the deadly animal virus...
Comment
-
Source: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200101005000320
S. Korea confirms 56th case of African swine fever
All Headlines 15:54 January 01, 2020
Seoul, Jan. 1 (Yonhap) -- South Korea on Wednesday confirmed the country's 56th case of the African swine fever after a wild boar found dead near the border with North Korea tested positive for the deadly virus.
The wild boar carcass was found in Paju, bringing the number of such cases to 20 in the western border town alone, according to the National Institute of Environmental Research...
Comment
-
Source: http://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_...eq_Code=150615
3 Dead Boars Found Infected with ASF in Hwacheon
Write: 2020-01-13 16:17:20 / Update: 2020-01-13 17:30:51
Three wild boars found dead in Hwacheon, Gangwon Province near the inter-Korean border have been confirmed to be infected with African swine fever(ASF).
The National Institute of Environmental Research confirmed the detection of the ASF virus in the three pigs whose carcasses were discovered by an Environment Ministry search team on Saturday.
The number of confirmed cases of the deadly animal disease among the wild pig population have now risen to five in Hwacheon County alone and 72 nationwide...
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Sangsa-ri, Galmal-eup, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-Do Date of start of the outbreak 27/12/2019 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Other Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 28/12/2019 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Seokjang-ri, Baekhak-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 27/12/2019 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 29/12/2019 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Dapgok-ri, Sinseo-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 30/12/2019 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 31/12/2019 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Bangmok-ri, Goonae-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 30/12/2019 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
...
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Samgot-ri, Joong-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 02/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 03/01/2020 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (1) Outbreak 1 Hapo-ri, Jindong-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 02/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 1 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 04/01/2020 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
...African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (4) Outbreak 1 Mageo-ri, Joong-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 03/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak 2 Gangseo-ri, Wangjing-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 04/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak 3 Gangseo-ri, Wangjing-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 04/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak 4 Sinhyun-ri, Sinseo-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 04/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 4 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 4 4 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 05/01/2020 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (2) Outbreak 1 Dooil-ri, Baekhak-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 06/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak 2 Goegok-ri, Jangdan-myeon, Paju-si, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 06/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 2 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 2 2 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 07/01/2020 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
...
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
-
African swine fever,
Korea (Rep. of)Information received on 13/01/2020 from Dr Dae Gyun Kim, Chief Veterinary Officer, Director General, Animal Health Policy Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong-si, Korea (Rep. of) Summary New outbreaks (2) Outbreak 1 Poongsan-ri, Hwacheon-eup, Hwacheon-gun, Gangwon-Do Date of start of the outbreak 06/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Other Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Outbreak 2 Joongsa-ri, Joong-myeon, Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-Do Date of start of the outbreak 07/01/2020 Outbreak status Continuing (or date resolved not provided) Epidemiological unit Forest Affected animals Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 1 1 0 0 Summary of outbreaks Total outbreaks: 2 Total animals affected Species Susceptible Cases Deaths Killed and disposed of Slaughtered Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) 2 2 0 0 Outbreak statistics Species Apparent morbidity rate Apparent mortality rate Apparent case fatality rate Proportion susceptible animals lost* Wild boar:Sus scrofa(Suidae) ** ** 100.00% ** *Removed from the susceptible population through death, destruction and/or slaughter **Not calculated because of missing information Epidemiology Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection - Unknown or inconclusive
Epidemiological comments Epidemiological investigation is ongoing. Control measures Measures applied - Official disposal of carcasses, by-products and waste
- Control of wildlife reservoirs
- Disinfection
- Ante and post-mortem inspections
- Vaccination permitted (if a vaccine exists)
- No treatment of affected animals
Measures to be applied - Disinfestation
- Control of vectors
- Vector surveillance
Diagnostic test results Laboratory name and type Species Test Test date Result National Institute of Environmental Research (National laboratory) Wild boar real-time PCR 08/01/2020 Positive Future Reporting The event is continuing. Weekly follow-up reports will be submitted.
...
"Safety and security don't just happen, they are the result of collective consensus and public investment. We owe our children, the most vulnerable citizens in our society, a life free of violence and fear."
-Nelson Mandela
Comment
Comment