Africa CDC - Mpox cases reported in Africa up 160 percent - Declares Mpox a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS)

[Shiloh]

Source: https://english.news.cn/20240802/5ca...5b021c0/c.html

Mpox cases reported in Africa up 160 percent: Africa CDC
Source: Xinhua
Editor: huaxia
2024-08-02 17:09:15

ADDIS ABABA, Aug. 2 (Xinhua) -- Fifteen African countries have reported 1,451 mpox-related deaths since the beginning of 2022, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has disclosed.

The Africa CDC, in its latest continental mpox situation report issued on Wednesday, said a total of 37,583 mpox cases and 1,451 deaths had been reported from 15 African Union (AU) members from the beginning of 2022 to July 28, 2024, with a fatality rate of 3.9 percent.

According to the specialized healthcare agency of the AU, from the beginning of this year to July 28, a total of 14,250 mpox cases and 456 deaths have been reported from 10 African countries, with a fatality rate of 3.2 percent.

Data from the Africa CDC show that the number of new mpox cases and deaths reported so far this year represented a 160 percent and 19 percent increase, respectively, compared to the same period in 2023...

[sharon sanders]

July 30, 2024

Official statement:

I- Current Situation

Mpox in Africa: Since the beginning of 2022 and as of 28 July 2024, a total of 37,583 cases and 1,451 deaths (case fatality rate [CFR]: 3.9%) of mpox have been reported from 15 African Union Member States (AU MS): Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic (CAR), Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ghana, Liberia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan and South Africa (see table 1). In 2023 alone, 14,957 cases and 739 deaths (CFR: 4.9%) were reported from seven AUMS. This is a 78.5% increase in the number of new cases compared to 2022.

Since the beginning of this year and as of 28 July 2024 a total of 14,250 cases (2,745 confirmed; 11,505 suspected) and 456 deaths (CFR: 3.2%) of mpox have been reported from 10 AU MS: Burundi (8 cases; 0 deaths), Cameroon (35; 2), CAR (213; 0), Congo (146; 1), DRC (13,791; 450), Ghana (4; 0), Liberia (5; 0), Nigeria (24; 0), Rwanda (2; 0) and South Africa (22; 3). This represents a 160% and 19% increase in the number of cases and deaths respectively in 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. DRC accounts for 96.3% of all cases and 97% of all deaths reported this year. In addition, Chad has reported 24 suspected cases and no confirmed case this year.

https://africacdc.org/disease-outbreak/mpox-situation-in-africa/

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Africa CDC Briefs President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani on Urgent Mpox Epidemic Response

(Image translated by Google)


Addis Ababa, August 8, 2024 – The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) continues to lead the charge against the escalating Mpox epidemic that is impacting every region of Africa. Today, Dr. Jean Kaseya, Director General of Africa CDC, had the honor of briefing H.E. Mohamed Ould Ghazouani, President of Mauritania, Chairperson of the African Union, and Chair of the Africa CDC’s Heads of State and Government Council, on the critical situation.
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https://africacdc.org/news-item/africa-cdc-briefs-president-mohamed-ould-ghazouani-on-urgent-mpox-epidemic-response/

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NEWS

13 August 2024

Growing mpox outbreak triggers Africa’s first health emergency — and fears of wider spread

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention issues a historic declaration as several countries see their first cases of the disease caused by the monkeypox virus.

By Max Kozlov

A concerning strain of the monkeypox virus has spread rapidly across Central Africa in the past few months. The outbreak prompted the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) to declare its first-ever public-health emergency on 13 August, and the World Health Organization (WHO) is meeting on 14 August to consider a global declaration.

The moves reflect scientists’ deep worry that the outbreak of mpox, the disease caused by the monkeypox virus, could evolve into an epidemic that spreads across the continent — and possibly beyond. They note that the virus is making an alarming appearance not just in rural regions, but also in densely populated areas.
...

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02607-y

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News / Press Releases

Africa CDC Declares Mpox A Public Health Emergency of Continental Security, Mobilizing Resources Across the Continent



Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 13 Aug 2024 – The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has officially declared the ongoing Mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), marking the first such declaration by the agency since its inception in 2017.

This declaration, under Article 3, Paragraph F of the Africa CDC Statutes, empowers the organization to lead and coordinate responses to significant health emergencies. The statute mandates Africa CDC to “coordinate and support Member States in health emergency responses, particularly those declared PHECS or Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as well as health promotion and disease prevention through health systems strengthening, addressing communicable and non-communicable diseases, environmental health, and Neglected Tropical Diseases.”

The declaration will enable the mobilization of resources across affected countries, unlocking essential funding, strengthening Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE), boosting surveillance and laboratory testing efforts, and enhancing human resource capacities to respond effectively to Mpox through a One Health approach.

Africa CDC Director General Dr. Jean Kaseya emphasized the urgency of swift and decisive action: “Today, we declare this PHECS to mobilize our institutions, our collective will, and our resources to act—swiftly and decisively. This empowers us to forge new partnerships, strengthen our health systems, educate our communities, and deliver life-saving interventions where they are needed most. There is no need for travel restrictions at this time.”

At least 13 African countries, including previously unaffected nations like Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, have reported Mpox outbreaks. So far in 2024, these countries have confirmed 2,863 cases and 517 deaths, primarily in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Suspected cases across the continent have surged past 17,000, a significant increase from 7,146 cases in 2022 and 14,957 cases in 2023. This is just the tip of the iceberg when we consider the many weaknesses in surveillance, laboratory testing and contact tracing.

Dr. Kaseya underscored the gravity of the situation stating “This is not just another challenge; it’s a crisis that demands our collective action. Article 3, Paragraph F of the Africa CDC Statutes mandates us to lead and coordinate the response when there is a declaration of a public health emergency of international concern.”

From May 2022 to July 2023, Mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the WHO. However, Africa did not receive the support it urgently needed during this period. As global cases began to decline, the escalating numbers in Africa were largely ignored. Dr. Kaseya emphasized the need for a change in approach: “We urge our international partners to seize this moment to act differently and collaborate closely with Africa CDC to provide the necessary support to our Member States.”

He continued, appealing to global partners: “We call on you to stand with us in this critical hour. Africa has long been on the frontlines in the fight against infectious diseases, often with limited resources. The battle against Mpox demands a global response. We need your support, expertise, and solidarity. The world cannot afford to turn a blind eye to this crisis.”

He explained that the emergency declaration follows wide consultations, including a unanimous decision by the Africa CDC Emergency Consultative Group (ECG), chaired by Professor Salim Abdool Karim, head of CAPRISA, an AIDS research program based in Durban, South Africa.

Prof. Karim highlighted that limited surveillance and evidence suggest the situation could be more severe than currently understood. “The number of cases has significantly increased compared to 2022 when WHO declared Mpox a public health emergency. It’s clear that we’re facing a different scenario with far more cases, resulting in a higher burden of illness,” he said. He also raised concerns about the rising fatalities, particularly the potential link between HIV and Mpox. “Our concern is that we may be seeing more fatalities in Africa due to the association with HIV,” he noted.

Cross-border transmission to previously unaffected countries was also a concern, prompting the ECG to urge the strategic distribution of the limited vaccines available. The lack of diagnostic capabilities was identified as a critical issue requiring urgent attention, and the ECG encouraged the development of response plans, promising to provide input and support.

To address the Mpox outbreak in Africa, Africa CDC has set up a 25-member Incident Management Team based at the epicenter of the Mpox epidemic with mandate to support affected and at-risk countries. Africa CDC has also signed a partnership agreement with the European Commission’s Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA) and Bavarian Nordic to provide over 215,000 doses of the MVA-BN® vaccine—the only FDA and EMA-approved Mpox vaccine. Africa CDC will oversee the equitable distribution of these vaccines, prioritizing local needs across the affected Member States.

MPOX SYMPTOMS, PREVENTION, AND TREATMENT

Mpox is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus, with two distinct clades: Clade I and Clade II. Common symptoms include a skin rash or mucosal lesions lasting 2–4 weeks, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen lymph nodes. The virus can be transmitted to humans through physical contact with an infectious person, contaminated materials, or infected animals.

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https://africacdc.org/news-item/africa-cdc-declares-mpox-a-public-health-emergency-of-continental-security-mobilizing-resources-across-the-continent/

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News / Statement

Speech of the Director General / Africa CDC on the Declaration of Mpox as a Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS)



Excellencies, colleagues, members of the media, and my fellow African citizens,

Today, I stand before you with a heavy heart but also with an unwavering resolve. We are meeting today because of the emergence and rapid spread of Mpox. This is not just another challenge; it is a crisis that demands our collective action, a moment that calls upon the very essence of our humanity, our unity, and our strength.

Our continent has seen many struggles. We have faced pandemics, various outbreaks, natural disasters, and conflicts. Yet, through every adversity, we have risen, not as fragmented nations, but as one Africa—resilient, resourceful, and resolute. Today, as we confront the threat of Mpox, we must summon that same spirit of solidarity.

But let me be clear: this is not just an African issue. Mpox is a global threat, a menace that knows no boundaries, no race, no creed. It is a virus that exploits our vulnerabilities, preying on our weakest points. And it is in these moments of vulnerability that we must find our greatest strength and demonstrate that we all learned from COVID by applying solidarity.

Excellencies, colleagues and my fellow African citizens,
Article 3 paragraph e of the Africa CDC Statutes approved by our African leaders in July 2022 is stating: Africa CDC declares PHECS in close consultation with affected Member States and, as appropriate, relevant stakeholders.
Africa CDC is the autonomous public health Agency of Africa, and we bring together the scientific, strategic and political aspects to our work. In Africa CDC, we are led by science and evidence for everything we are doing and decisions we are making.
Therefore, we started consultations with several bodies in Africa and the World .
At scientific and technical level, we had meetings with various bodies and people who are working pro bono and tirelessly for our continent and the only way for me to thank them is to recognize them here:

• Emergency Consultative Group Meeting
1. Prof Slim Abdoul Karim
2. Prof Helen Rees
3. Dr David Parirenyatwa
4. Prof Lucille Blumberg
5. Prof Jean Jacques Muyembe
6. Prof Francine Ntoumi
7. Prof Rose Leke Fonbang
8. Prof Jean Nachega
9. Dr Amadou Sall
10. Prof Tomori Oyewale
11. Prof Samba Sow
12. Prof Dimie Ogoina
13. Prof Abderahmane Maroufi
14. Prof Maha El Rabbat
15. Prof Samia Menif Marrakchi
16. Prof Fawzi Derrar
17. Dr Sultani Matendechero
18. Prof Nelson Sewakambo
19. Prof Claude Mambo Muvunyi
20. Prof Agnes Binagwaho

Supported by international senior experts like David Heymann, Francis Collins, Peter Piot, Dr Sangwoo Tak, ECDC, Mario Santos Moreira and Jeremy Farrah

PPPR commission that is advising our Champion President Ramaphosa on the best way Africa can deal with various outbreaks. Maha El Rabbat,
1. Ama Fenny,
2. Senait Fisseha,
3. Githinji Gitahi,
4. Denis Mukwege,
5. Abderrahmane Maaroufi,
6. Sani Aliyu,
7. Agnes Binagwaho ,
8. Francine Ntoumi,
9. Amadou Sall, Salim Abdool Karim

Advisory and Technical Council of Africa CDC
1. Dr Eduardo Sado Gudo (CHAIR), Dr Alex Okoh (VICE CHAIR)
2. Dr Anne Marie Ambourhouet-Bigmann
3. Dr Patrick Amoth, Prof Roma Chilengi
4. Pr NYANDWI Joseph
5. Dr Dionis NIZIGIYIMANA
6. Prof. Claude Mambo MUVUNYI
7. Mrs Dr Quinta Insumbo
8. Dr Abdulmenem Alkmashe
9. Dr Jean AKIANA
10. Dr. Mohannad Al-Nsour,
11. Dr Khadidja GUIRSIMI YOUSSOUF
12. Rose Mwebaza
13. Dr Adamu Isah
14. Dr James Wabacha
15. Dr Karim Tounkara
16. Prof Francis Kasolo
17. Dr. Thomas Mollet
18. Prof Abderrahmane Maaroufi

Other bodies consultant at technical level are:
• National Public health Institutes of all affected MS.
• Private sector including Manufacturers of vaccines and diagnostics
• Youth movements and organizations

At strategic level, we had meetings with:
• Joint Emergency Action Plan (JEAP) principals meeting: WHO AFRO, WHO EMRO, WHO HQ, UNICEF ESARO, UNICEF WCARO, UNICEF HQ and Africa CDC
• African Union Joint Sitting Committee comprised by Member States Ambassadors based in Addis-Ababa on behalf of the PRC: we got USD 10.4 Million
• Governing Board of Africa CDC
• Various partners including WHO DG, UNICEF DED, Gavi, GFATM, CEPI, MasterCard Foundation, Wellcome Trust, BMGF, World Bank, AfreximBank, Africa Re, African Development Bank, …

At political level, we had meetings with
• Ministers of affected countries and countries at risk
• Chairperson of African Union Commission, H.E. Moussa Faki
• President of Mauritania and President of African Union, H.E. Mohammed Ould Ghazouani

For all of these consultations, at least 600 people were reached in various capacities to discuss data and evidence, and provide the way to move forward for this outbreak.

As demonstrated by Professor Salim, Mpox has now crossed borders, affecting thousands across our continent. Families have been torn apart, and the pain and suffering have touched every corner of our continent.

Based on the consensus or even unanimity reached from various bodies and consultations, as prescribed by Article 3 paragraph e of the Africa CDC statute, today Tuesday 13 August 2024, I declare with a heavy heart but with an unyielding commitment to our people, Mpox as a PHECS in Africa.

Excellencies, colleagues and my fellow African citizens,
This declaration is not merely a formality; it is a clarion call to action. It is a recognition that we can no longer afford to be reactive. We must be proactive and aggressive in our efforts to contain and eliminate this threat.

This declaration aims to enhance the global response, mitigate the impact of the health threat, and protect public health while minimizing disruptions to travel and trade.
Please let me be clear and loud: there will be no interruption of movements of people and goods.

Article 3 paragraph f of the Africa CDC Statutes is giving Africa CDC the mandate to lead and coordinate the response when there is declaration of PHEIC or PHECS. Please let me read this paragraph f:
“Coordinate and supports Member States in health emergencies response particularly those which have been declared PHECS or PHEIC emergencies as well as health promotion and diseases prevention through health systems strengthening, by addressing communicable and non-communicable diseases, environmental health and Neglected Tropical Diseases; “

During the consultation process, Africans clearly and friends of Africa share with us the way they were proud to see a strong and capable African body taking the lead for this outbreak and protect African population. We were also clearly requested to work together and coordinate support from other key partners like WHO, UNICEF, bi and multilateral cooperation, private sector, philanthropies, and academia.

We declare today this PHECS to mobilize our institutions, our collective will, and our resources to act—swiftly and decisively. It empowers us to forge new partnerships, to strengthen our health systems, to educate our communities, and to deliver life-saving interventions where they are needed most.

But declarations alone will not suffice. Words must be matched with deeds.
And today, I commit to you that Africa CDC will lead this fight with every resource at our disposal. Together with our partners, we will deploy experts, bolster our laboratories, and enhance in-country and cross-border surveillance systems. We will work with governments, international partners, and local communities to ensure that every African, from the bustling cities to the remotest villages, is protected.

We will also prioritize the equitable distribution of vaccines, treatments, and protective measures. No one should be left behind—regardless of their socioeconomic status, their location, or their circumstances. This is a fight for all Africans, and we will fight it together.

A Call for Solidarity and Action
To our Member States, we call upon our leaders to give us the opportunity to better support people who are affected.
From the bottom of our heart, we thank H.E. Joao Lourenco, President of Angola, for his negotiation of ceasefire in the eastern part of DRC where the outbreak is circulating between DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda.

We thank H.E. Felix Tshisekedi, President of DRC, and H.E. Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, for accepting this ceasefire and we remain available under their leadership to work with other partners to bring needed support to this region.

To our global partners, we call upon you to stand with us in this critical hour. Africa has long been a frontline in the battle against infectious diseases, and we have often borne this burden with limited resources. But the fight against Mpox requires a global response. We need your support, your expertise, and your solidarity. The world cannot afford to turn a blind eye to this crisis. From May 2022 to July 2023, Mpox was declared PHEIC, but Africa didn’t get appropriate support and when cases stopped in other parts of the World, there was a silence on increase of cases in Africa. We call upon our international partners to take this Mpox opportunity to act differently and work closely with Africa CDC to provide appropriate support to our Member States.

To my fellow Africans, I say this: the road ahead will be difficult for all of us, but we are not strangers to hardship. …We have faced the scourge of Ebola, the devastation of HIV/AIDS, and the threat of COVID-19. In each of these battles, we have emerged stronger, more unified, and more determined. Mpox will be no different.

In the next 2 weeks, joint response plan will be available coming from country plans to be reviewed by ECG.
Today, I have signed a tripartite agreement Africa CDC – EU/ Health Emergency Preparedness and Response and Bavarian Nordic for the procurement and rapid distribution of 200,000 doses of vaccines in Africa.

I call upon Member States to fast-track the emergency authorization of M-Pox vaccines. This will play a critical role in safeguarding public health and ensuring rapid access to life-saving interventions. By fast-tracking vaccine approvals, while maintaining strict safety protocols, regulatory bodies can play a crucial role in addressing urgent health needs and mitigating the effects of health emergencies.
This can significantly shorten the timeline for vaccine deployment, enabling healthcare systems to respond more effectively to emerging threats. In doing so, Member States also contribute to a coordinated continental response, ensuring that vaccines reach those who need them most, and ultimately, ensuring that no one is left behind.

Excellencies, my fellow African citizens, we must act now, with urgency and purpose. Protect yourselves and your loved ones. Follow the guidance of health authorities. Support one another, especially the most vulnerable among us. Together, we can turn the tide of this crisis.

In the face of adversity, Africa has always found its strength in unity. Today, we must draw upon that strength once more. We must stand together—governments, institutions, communities, and individuals—as one continent, one people, united in our resolve to overcome this threat.

Mpox may have taken us by surprise, but it will not defeat us. Together, we will rise above this challenge. Together, we will protect our people, our future, and our continent.

Let history remember this day not as the day we were overcome by fear, but as the day we chose to fight back with courage, with compassion, and with an unbreakable spirit.
Africa, the fight begins now. And together, we will prevail.

Thank you.

Addis Ababa, 13 August 2024
Speech of the Director General of Africa CDC on the Declaration of Mpox as a PHECS

https://africacdc.org/news-item/speech-of-the-director-general-africa-cdc-on-the-declaration-of-mpox-as-a-public-health-emergency-of-continental-security-phecs/

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News / Articles

Mpox outbreaks in Africa constitute a public health emergency of continental security

21 August 2024

On Aug 13, 2024, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) declared mpox a public health emergency of continental security (PHECS) in Africa, acting under its mandate to address significant public health threats. This mandate was established in July, 2022, by the Executive Council of the Africa Union (AU) Assembly through its decision EX.CL/Dec.1169(XLI), empowering Africa CDC to coordinate responses to epidemics by mobilising African leaders, governments, and relevant agencies.

The decision was driven by the worsening mpox situation on the continent: since 2022, 40 874 cases and 1512 deaths have been reported across 15 AU member states. In 2024 alone, 17 541 cases and 517 deaths have been reported from 13 AU member states. These figures represent a 160% and 19% increase in the number of cases and deaths, respectively, in 2024 compared with the same period in 2023. A 79% increase in the number of cases was observed in 2023 compared with 2022. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) accounts for 96% of all cases and 97% of all deaths reported in 2024.

Investigations in the DRC suggest that heterosexual transmission, especially among female sex workers (9%), is driving the outbreak, contrasting with the spread mainly among men who have sex with men in Europe in 2022. The high prevalence among women raises concerns about vertical transmission risks and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The high risk of severe infection among people living with HIV, considerations for asymptomatic infections, poor vaccination strategies, limited access to medical countermeasures, and low detection rates were other concerns. The outbreak is further complicated by a high case fatality rate of over 3·9%, particularly among children younger than 15 years, who account for 60% of cases. Cross-border movements, low public awareness, high vulnerability due to factors such as HIV and malnutrition, limited understanding of mpox transmission, and insufficient response capacities, including vaccine shortages, pose significant challenges to containment. The risk of mpox spreading to neighbouring countries and globally is high.

The day before the PHECS announcement, 15 of the 20-member Emergency Consultative Group (ECG) met to advise the Africa CDC Director General on whether the mpox outbreak constituted a PHECS. The group redefined PHECS as a significant event posing a risk to other countries, requiring immediate continental-level action to prevent and mitigate disease spread—expanding the original definition in the Africa CDC statute.

They also developed specific criteria to assess the situation objectively. These criteria, organised into nine areas, included: disease severity, transmission dynamics, impact on health systems, vaccine and treatment availability, public health risk, economic and social impact, public concern, global health security, and political considerations (table). The framework was developed to guide a transparent and consistent decision-making process for declaring a PHECS in Africa.

Read more – Mpox outbreaks in Africa constitute a public health emergency of continental security

https://africacdc.org/news-item/mpox-outbreaks-in-africa-constitute-a-public-health-emergency-of-continental-security/

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Manuals, Guidelines & Frameworks

Mpox Surveillance Reporting Protocol for African Union Member States


Date
30 August 2024

Introduction

Mpox is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The disease presents symptoms similar to smallpox but with lesser severity. The first human case of mpox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and has subsequently been recognized as an endemic disease in several central and western African countries. There are two known clades of MPXV: clade I, previously called the Congo Basin clade with clade Ia and clade Ib (first identified in 2023) subtypes; and clade II, previously called the West African clade, which includes subclades IIa and clade IIb.

Since 2022, the African continent has been significantly affected by multi-country mpox outbreaks. From 1 January 2022 to 1 August 2024, a total of 42,260 cases and 1,537 deaths of mpox have been reported from 18 AU MS: Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic (CAR), Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ghana, Liberia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan and South Africa. Compared to 2022, there was a 79% increase in the number of cases reported in 2023. Looking at similar reporting periods in 2023 and 2024, there was a 98% increase in the number of cases reported in 2024 compared to 2023.

In 2024, five countries (Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda) with no recent history of an mpox outbreak, have confirmed and reported cases of mpox2. Initial epidemiological investigations have highlighted cross-border movement as the key driver for spread, with most cases reporting travel history to DRC.

On 13 August 2024, the Africa Centres for Disease Control (Africa CDC) declared the multi-country mpox outbreak a public health emergency of continental security, with strong recommendations to improve surveillance and vaccine deployment in all AU Member States. On 14 August 2024, the WHO Director-General declared mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).

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Mpox Surveillance Reporting Protocol for African Union Member States

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