J Infect Public Health . Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies

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J Infect Public Health


. 2022 Nov 19;16(1):4-14.
doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.024. Online ahead of print.
Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies


Kuldeep Dhama ¹ , Firzan Nainu ² , Andri Frediansyah ³ , Mohd Iqbal Yatoo ⁴ , Ranjan K Mohapatra ⁵ , Sandip Chakraborty ⁶ , Hao Zhou ⁷ , Md Rabiul Islam ⁸ , Sukamto S Mamada ² , Hendrix Indra Kusuma ⁹ , Ali A Rabaan ¹⁰ , Saad Alhumaid ¹¹ , Abbas Al Mutair ¹² , Muhammad Iqhrammullah ¹³ , Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq ¹⁴ , Mohammed Al Mohaini ¹⁵ , Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman ¹⁶ , Hardeep Singh Tuli ¹⁷ , Chiranjib Chakraborty ¹⁸ , Harapan Harapan ¹⁹



Affiliations

• PMID: 36446204
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.024

Abstract

Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent of genomic variations, mutations and adaptation, few of the variants gain the ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency and ability to cause severe disease, morbidity and mortality. These variants have been implicated in lessening the efficacy of the current COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapies resulting in break-through viral infections in vaccinated individuals and recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder the protective herd immunity to be achieved through the ongoing progressive COVID-19 vaccination. Currently, the only variant of interest of SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified in South Africa. In this review, we present the overview on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with a special focus on the Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants. We discuss the hypotheses of the origin, genetic change and underlying molecular mechanism behind higher transmissibility and immune escape of Omicron variant. Major concerns related to Omicron including the efficacy of the current available immunotherapeutics and vaccines, transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality are discussed. In the last part, challenges and strategies to counter Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are presented.

Keywords: COVID-19; Emerging variance; Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; Variant of concern.