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Sci Total Environ . The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019

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  • Sci Total Environ . The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019


    Sci Total Environ


    . 2021 Mar 8;778:146198.
    doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146198. Online ahead of print.
    The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in human sewage in Santa Catarina, Brazil, November 2019


    Gislaine Fongaro 1 , Patr?cia Hermes Stoco 2 , Doris Sobral Marques Souza 1 , Edmundo Carlos Grisard 2 , Maria Elisa Magri 3 , Paula Rogovski 1 , Marcos Andr? Sch?rner 4 , Fernando Hartmann Barazzetti 4 , Ana Paula Christoff 5 , Luiz Felipe Valter de Oliveira 6 , Maria Luiza Bazzo 4 , Glauber Wagner 7 , Marta Hern?ndez 8 , David Rodr?guez-L?zaro 9



    Affiliations

    Abstract

    Human sewage from Florianopolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil) was analyzed for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) from October 2019 until March 2020. Twenty five ml of sewage samples were clarified and viruses concentrated using a glycine buffer method coupled with polyethylene glycol precipitation, and viral RNA extracted using a commercial kit. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected by RT-qPCR using oligonucleotides targeting N1, S and two RdRp regions. The results of all positive samples were further confirmed by a different RT-qPCR system in an independent laboratory. S and RdRp amplicons were sequenced to confirm identity with SARS-CoV-2. Genome sequencing was performed using two strategies; a sequence-independent single-primer amplification (SISPA) approach, and by direct metagenomics using Illumina's NGS. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 27th November 2019 (5.49 ? 0.02 log10 SARS-CoV-2 genome copies (GC) L-1), detection being confirmed by an independent laboratory and genome sequencing analysis. The samples in the subsequent three events were positive by all RT-qPCR assays; these positive results were also confirmed by an independent laboratory. The average load was 5.83 ? 0.12 log10 SARS-CoV-2 GC L-1, ranging from 5.49 ? 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (27th November 2019) to 6.68 ? 0.02 log10 GC L-1 (4th March 2020). Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 was likely circulating undetected in the community in Brazil since November 2019, earlier than the first reported case in the Americas (21st January 2020).

    Keywords: Brazil; COVID-19; Epidemiology; Human sewage; SARS-CoV-2; Surveillance.

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